The Human Colostrum Whey Proteome Is Altered in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Proteomics of human milk has been used to identify the comprehensive cargo of proteins involved in immune and cellular function. Very little is known about the effects of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on lactation and breast milk components. The objective of the current study was to examine the effect of GDM on the expression of proteins in the whey fraction of human colostrum. Colostrum was collected from women who were diagnosed with (n = 6) or without (n = 12) GDM at weeks 24–28 in pregnancy. Colostral whey was analyzed for protein abundances using high-resolution, high-mass accuracy liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 601 proteins were identified, of which 260 were quantified using label free spectral counting. Orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis identified 27 proteins that best predict GDM. The power law global error model corrected for multiple testing was used to confirm that 10 of the 27 proteins were also statistically significantly different between women with versus without GDM. The identified changes in protein expression suggest that diabetes mellitus during pregnancy has consequences on human colostral proteins involved in immunity and nutrition.

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“…LC separation was done on a Waters Nano Acquity UHPLC (Waters Corporation) with a Proxeon nanospray source. Mass spectra was collected on an Orbitrap Q Exactive Plus mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific) in a data-dependent mode with one MS precursor scan followed by 15 MS/MS scans as previously described [11]. Detailed information on instrument parameters and mass spectra collection is provided in the Additional file 1: Supplemental materials and methods (1a).…”

“…A conservative approach was used to overview data quality metrics in order to identify the most robust proteomic measurements for downstream statistical and multivariate analyses [11]. A total of 799 high quality protein measurements (spectral counts) based on absence of abundant missing zeros, replicate precision, protein sequence coverage and annotation to known genes were selected for further statistical and multivariate analyses.…”

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“…12,66 Together, the proteins experimentally confirmed here will serve to greatly improve publicly available databases and annotations. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 22…”

Postnatal Prevention of Childhood Obesity in Offspring Prenatally Exposed to Gestational Diabetes mellitus: Where Are We Now

“…Among the few studies that have been conducted among women with GDM, one of them showed that colostrum of GDM mothers presented an altered whey proteome [36]. Another study showed no major difference regarding amino acid content of GDMBM when compared to BM of nondiabetic women [37].…”