The Human Brain Stem and Cerebellum

Duvernoy, Henri M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-3078-0

Cited by 83 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(186 reference statements)

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“…The location of the contralateral somatosensory thalamus was defined by overlaying the change in low-frequency power with functional activation during repeated innocuous brushing of the right side of the mouth as reported previously (Henderson et al, 2013). The location of all other clusters were derived from our previous investigations and human brain atlases (Duvernoy, 1995;Paxinos and Huang, 1995;Mai et al, 2007), and we are confident that the changes reported encompass the nuclei described. We confirmed that these infraslow oscillations were restricted to the frequency range of 0.03-0.06 Hz by extracting and plotting the entire frequency range (0 -0.25 Hz; Fig.…”

Section: Altered Infra-slow Oscillations In Ascending Pain Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…For each cluster, power spectra were calculated, and significant differences between acute pain and no pain subjects were determined in the same process described above (two-sample t test, p Ͻ 0.05). The anatomical locations of each significant cluster were confirmed using the Atlas of the Human Brainstem and Cerebellum (Duvernoy, 1995) and the Atlas of the Human Brain (Mai et al, 2007).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronic Neuropathic Pain: It's about the Rhythm

Alshelh¹,

Pietro²,

Youssef³

et al. 2016

J. Neurosci.

121

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The neural mechanisms underlying the development and maintenance of chronic neuropathic pain remain unclear. Evidence from human investigations suggests that neuropathic pain is associated with altered thalamic burst firing and thalamocortical dysrhythmia. Additionally, experimental animal investigations show that neuropathic pain is associated with altered infra-slow (Ͻ0.1 Hz) frequency oscillations within the dorsal horn and somatosensory thalamus. The aim of this investigation was to determine whether, in humans, neuropathic pain was also associated with altered infra-slow oscillations within the ascending "pain" pathway. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found that individuals with orofacial neuropathic pain have increased infra-slow oscillatory activity throughout the ascending pain pathway, including within the spinal trigeminal nucleus, somatosensory thalamus, thalamic reticular nucleus, and primary somatosensory cortex. Furthermore, these infra-slow oscillations were temporally coupled across these multiple sites and occurred at frequencies similar to calcium waves in activated astrocytes. The region encompassing the spinal trigeminal nucleus also displayed increased regional homogeneity, consistent with a local spread of neural activity by astrocyte activation. In contrast, no increase in oscillatory behavior within the ascending pain pathway occurred during acute noxious stimuli in healthy individuals. These data reveal increased oscillatory activity within the ascending pain pathway that likely underpins increased thalamocortical oscillatory activity, a self-sustaining thalamocortical dysrhythmia, and the constant perception of pain.

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Section: Altered Infra-slow Oscillations In Ascending Pain Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Neuropathic Pain: It's about the Rhythm

Alshelh¹,

Pietro²,

Youssef³

et al. 2016

J. Neurosci.

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For the ventral striatum and midbrain, radius 10 mm spheres were defined on the basis of a previous study examining responses to visual cues of impending taste rewards . Anatomical labeling of activations was checked with reference to the atlases of Duvernoy (1995Duvernoy ( , 1999 by overlaying activations onto the mean normalized structural T1 image across participants. For visualizing activations, group maps are overlaid on the ICBM 152 structural template, an average T1-weighted image of 152 individuals coregistered to Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Differences in Reward Drive Predict Neural Responses to Images of Food

Beaver¹,

Lawrence²,

Ditzhuijzen³

et al. 2006

J. Neurosci.

521

390

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A network of interconnected brain regions, including orbitofrontal, ventral striatal, amygdala, and midbrain areas, has been widely implicated in a number of aspects of food reward. However, in humans, sensitivity to reward can vary significantly from one person to the next. Individuals high in this trait experience more frequent and intense food cravings and are more likely to be overweight or develop eating disorders associated with excessive food intake. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we report that individual variation in trait reward sensitivity (as measured by the Behavioral Activation Scale) is highly correlated with activation to images of appetizing foods (e.g., chocolate cake, pizza) in a fronto-striatal-amygdala-midbrain network. Our findings demonstrate that there is considerable personality-linked variability in the neural response to food cues in healthy participants and provide important insight into the neurobiological factors underlying vulnerability to certain eating problems (e.g., hyperphagic obesity).

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“…Abbreviations: R, Raphe nuclei (serotoninergic); ret, nuclei reticularis including adrenergic and noradrenergic centers; VII, facial nucleus; Amb, nucleus ambiguus; IX, glossopharyngeal nucleus; NTS, nucleus tractus solitarius; GC, gracile (medial) and cuneate (lateral) nuclei (in blue). Line drawing is adapted from Duvernoy (1995) showing approximate position of nuclei. R (right) and L (left) indicate image orientation.…”

Section: The Effect Of Remifentanil On Respiratory Interoceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opioids Depress Cortical Centers Responsible for the Volitional Control of Respiration

Pattinson¹,

Governo²,

MacIntosh³

et al. 2009

Journal of Neuroscience

156

144

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Respiratory depression limits provision of safe opioid analgesia and is the main cause of death in drug addicts. Although opioids are known to inhibit brainstem respiratory activity, their effects on cortical areas that mediate respiration are less well understood. Here, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine how brainstem and cortical activity related to a short breath hold is modulated by the opioid remifentanil. We hypothesized that remifentanil would differentially depress brain areas that mediate sensoryaffective components of respiration over those that mediate volitional motor control. Quantitative measures of cerebral blood flow were used to control for hypercapnia-induced changes in blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal. Awareness of respiration, reflected by an urge-to-breathe score, was profoundly reduced with remifentanil. Urge to breathe was associated with activity in the bilateral insula, frontal operculum, and secondary somatosensory cortex. Localized remifentanil-induced decreases in breath hold-related activity were observed in the left anterior insula and operculum. We also observed remifentanil-induced decreases in the BOLD response to breath holding in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, the cerebellum, and periaqueductal gray, brain areas that mediate task performance. Activity in areas mediating motor control (putamen, motor cortex) and sensory-motor integration (supramarginal gyrus) were unaffected by remifentanil. Breath hold-related activity was observed in the medulla. These findings highlight the importance of higher cortical centers in providing contextual awareness of respiration that leads to appropriate modulation of respiratory control. Opioids have profound effects on the cortical centers that control breathing, which potentiates their actions in the brainstem.

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The Human Brain Stem and Cerebellum

Cited by 83 publications

References 82 publications

Chronic Neuropathic Pain: It's about the Rhythm

Chronic Neuropathic Pain: It's about the Rhythm

Individual Differences in Reward Drive Predict Neural Responses to Images of Food

Opioids Depress Cortical Centers Responsible for the Volitional Control of Respiration

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