The Human and Mouse Replication-Dependent Histone Genes

Marzluff, William F.; Gongidi, Preetam; Woods, Kam; Jin, Jianping; Maltais, LJ

doi:10.1016/s0888-7543(02)96850-3

Cited by 159 publications

(152 citation statements)

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“…While genetic manipulation of H2B is relatively easy in the yeast, which harbors only two H2B genes and can survive with even a single copy, this is impractical in mammals, whose genomes contain at least 17 H2B genes [60]. A more feasible strategy to investigate the role of H2Bub in mammalian transcription regulation is to deplete the cells of the responsible E3 ligase, RNF20, via RNAi [61].…”

Section: Monoubiquitylated Histone H2bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, Minsky et al [53] demonstrated that H2Bub is selectively associated with the transcribed regions, but not the promoters, of expressed genes. These observations do not necessarily imply an active role for H2Bub in mammalian transcription regulation; nevertheless, such a role can be deduced from earlier studies in the budding yeast, where the use of strains harboring a point mutation in the ubiquitylation site of H2B revealed the direct involvement of H2Bub in transcriptional regulation [40,58,59].While genetic manipulation of H2B is relatively easy in the yeast, which harbors only two H2B genes and can survive with even a single copy, this is impractical in mammals, whose genomes contain at least 17 H2B genes [60]. A more feasible strategy to investigate the role of H2Bub in mammalian transcription regulation is to deplete the cells of the responsible E3 ligase, RNF20, via RNAi [61].…”

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RNF20–RNF40: A ubiquitin‐driven link between gene expression and the DNA damage response

et al. 2011

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a b s t r a c tThe DNA damage response (DDR) is emerging as a vast signaling network that temporarily modulates numerous aspects of cellular metabolism in the face of DNA lesions, especially critical ones such as the double strand break (DSB). The DDR involves extensive dynamics of protein post-translational modifications, most notably phosphorylation and ubiquitylation. The DSB response is mobilized primarily by the ATM protein kinase, which phosphorylates a plethora of key players in its various branches. It is based on a core of proteins dedicated to the damage response, and a cadre of proteins borrowed temporarily from other cellular processes to help meet the challenge. A recently identified novel component of the DDR pathway -histone H2B monoubiquitylationexemplifies this principle. In mammalian cells, H2B monoubiquitylation is driven primarily by an E3 ubiquitin ligase composed of the two RING finger proteins RNF20 and RNF40. Generation of monoubiquitylated histone H2B (H2Bub) has been known to be coupled to gene transcription, presumably modulating chromatin decondensation at transcribed regions. New evidence indicates that the regulatory function of H2Bub on gene expression can selectively enhance or suppress the expression of distinct subsets of genes through a mechanism involving the hPAF1 complex and the TFIIS protein. This delicate regulatory process specifically affects genes that control cell growth and genome stability, and places RNF20 and RNF40 in the realm of tumor suppressor proteins. In parallel, it was found that following DSB induction, the H2B monoubiquitylation module is recruited to damage sites where it induces local H2Bub, which in turn is required for timely recruitment of DSB repair protein and, subsequently, timely DSB repair. This pathway represents a crossroads of the DDR and chromatin organization, and is a typical example of how the DDR calls to action functional modules that in unprovoked cells regulate other processes. Ó 2011 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. The DNA damage response: borrowing functional modules in an emergencyCellular metabolism is controlled by numerous, interlocked signaling networks. These networks are constantly responding to internal and external stimuli related to the cell's normal life cycle and functions, and to threats to its well being. A major threat to cellular homeostasis is subversion of its genomic stability, which may lead to undue cell death or to neoplasia [1,2]. DNA damage caused by internal or external damaging agents is a major danger to the integrity of the cellular genome. The cellular defense system against this threat is the DNA damage response (DDR) -an elaborate signaling network activated by DNA damage, which swiftly modulates many physiological processes [3,4]. A strong trigger of the DDR is the DNA double-strand break (DSB) [5,6]. DSBs are induced by ionizing radiation, radiomimetic chemicals, reactive oxygen species formed in the course of normal metabolism, and can also result from replic...

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Section: Monoubiquitylated Histone H2bmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

RNF20–RNF40: A ubiquitin‐driven link between gene expression and the DNA damage response

et al. 2011

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“…H2a genes (see Marzluff et al 2002 for a more detailed description). Since specific nuclear transport elements have previously been identified in the mouse H2a-614 mRNA (Huang and Carmichael 1997), we chose this mRNA as a model substrate for examining histone mRNA export.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear export of metazoan replication-dependent histone mRNAs is dependent on RNA length and is mediated by TAP

Erkmann

Sánchez²,

Treichel

et al. 2004

RNA

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Replication-dependent histone mRNAs are the only metazoan mRNAs that are not polyadenylated, ending instead in a conserved stem-loop sequence. Histone pre-mRNAs lack introns and are processed in the nucleus by a single cleavage step, which produces the mature 3 end of the mRNA. We have systematically examined the requirements for the nuclear export of a mouse histone mRNA using the Xenopus oocyte system. Histone mRNAs were efficiently exported when injected as mature mRNAs, demonstrating that the process of 3 end cleavage is not required for export factor binding. Export also does not depend on the stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) since mutations of the stem-loop that prevent SLBP binding and competition with a stem-loop RNA did not affect export. Only the length of the region upstream of the stem-loop, but not its sequence, was important for efficient export. Histone mRNA export was blocked by competition with constitutive transport element (CTE) RNA, indicating that the mRNA export receptor TAP is involved in histone mRNA export. Consistent with this observation, depletion of TAP from Drosophila cells by RNAi resulted in the restriction of mature histone mRNAs to the nucleus.

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“…The expression patterns of H3.3 coding genes In the human species, the genes encoding H3.1 and H3.2 lack introns and do not have a polyA signal, though they contain a palindromic termination element, which is involved in the regulation of transcriptional termination (Marzluff et al, 2002). Ten H3.1 genes have been identified (HIST1H3A to HIST1H3J), all of which are located in the histone cluster 1 on chromosome 6p22-p21.3 (Marzluff et al, 2002).…”

Section: The Properties Of H33 Compared With Its Canonical Counterpartsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ten H3.1 genes have been identified (HIST1H3A to HIST1H3J), all of which are located in the histone cluster 1 on chromosome 6p22-p21.3 (Marzluff et al, 2002). H3.2 is coded by three genes, namely HIST2H3A, HIST2H3C and HIST2H3D on chromosome 1 (Marzluff et al, 2002). These H3 genes are all expressed simultaneously at S phase, together with the other canonical histone genes (Frank et al, 2003).…”

Section: The Properties Of H33 Compared With Its Canonical Counterpartsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histone Variant H3.3: A versatile H3 variant in health and in disease

Xiong

Wen

2016

Sci. China Life Sci.

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Histones are the main protein components of eukaryotic chromatin. Histone variants and histone modifications modulate chromatin structure, ensuring the precise operation of cellular processes associated with genomic DNA. H3.3, an ancient and conserved H3 variant, differs from its canonical H3 counterpart by only five amino acids, yet it plays essential and specific roles in gene transcription, DNA repair and in maintaining genome integrity. Here, we review the most recent insights into the functions of histone H3.3, and the involvement of its mutant forms in human diseases.histone variants, H3.3, histone chaperones, development, tumorigenesis

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The Human and Mouse Replication-Dependent Histone Genes

Cited by 159 publications

References 0 publications

RNF20–RNF40: A ubiquitin‐driven link between gene expression and the DNA damage response

RNF20–RNF40: A ubiquitin‐driven link between gene expression and the DNA damage response

Nuclear export of metazoan replication-dependent histone mRNAs is dependent on RNA length and is mediated by TAP

Histone Variant H3.3: A versatile H3 variant in health and in disease

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