The Hubble Deep Field South: Formulation of the Observing Campaign

Williams, Robert E.; Baum, Stefi A.; Bergeron, Louis; Bernstein, Nicholas; Blacker, Brett S.; Boyle, Brian J.; Brown, Thomas M.; Carollo, C. M.; Casertano, Stefano; Covarrubias, R.; Mello, D. F. de; Dickinson, Mark; Espey, B. R.; Ferguson, Henry C.; Fruchter, A. S.; Gardner, Jonathan P.; Gonnella, A.; Hayes, J. J. E.; Hewett, Paul C.; Heyer, Inger; Hook, R. N.; Irwin, M. J.; Jones, D.; Kaiser, M. E.; Levay, Zolt; Lubenow, A.; Lucas, Ray A.; Mack, J.; MacKenty, John; Madau, Piero; Makidon, Russell B.; Martin, Crystal L.; Mazzuca, Lisa M.; Mutchler, Max; Norris, R. P.; Perriello, Beth; Phillips, M. M.; Postman, Marc; Royle, P.; Sahu, Kailash C.; Savaglio, S.; Sherwin, Alison; Smith, T. E.; Stiavelli, M.; Suntzeff, Nicholas B.; Teplitz, Harry I.; Marel, Roeland P. van der; Walker, A. R.; Weymann, R. J.; Wiggs, Michael S.; Williger, G. M.; Wilson, Jennifer C. H.; Zacharias, N.; Zurek, David

doi:10.1086/316854

Cited by 117 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…By comparing with the source density of galaxies in the da Costa et al (1998) ground-based study of Hubble Deep Field South (Williams et al 2000), we showed that in the magnitude and color window 23.9 < I 0 < 24.7 and 1.5 < (V − I) 0 < 3.5, a clean sample (>99% pure) of RGB stars can be isolated. We used stellar isochrones to measure the metallicity of the stars and found a broad spread of metallicity including both a metalrich ([M/H] > −0.7) and a metal-poor ([M/H] < −0.7) halo component, similar to what has been seen in other NGC 5128 halo fields (Harris & Harris 2002, 2000Harris et al 1999;Rejkuba et al 2005), which have been observed with HST closer to the galaxy center.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…We show this by comparing our VIMOS data with a second field, the ground-based observations by da Costa et al (1998) of HDF-S (Williams et al 2000), which are represented in Fig. 10 by the open orange squares (scaled to match the total four VIMOS quadrants' field of view, although not corrected for incompleteness).…”

Section: Background Galaxy Contamination and The Rgb Selection Windowmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…To estimate the contamination rate of such sources in the CMD in the region of NGC 5128's RGB, we have examined source counts in the space-based Hubble Deep Field South (HDF-S; Williams et al 2000;Casertano et al 2000), as these dim galaxies are well resolved from space. We used Version 2 of the final space-based HDF-S catalog 3 .…”

Section: Background Galaxy Contamination and The Rgb Selection Windowmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Red giants in the outer halo of the elliptical galaxy NGC 5128/Centaurus A

Bird

Flynn

Harris

et al. 2015

A&A

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We used VIMOS on VLT to perform V and I band imaging of the outermost halo of NGC 5128/Centaurus A ((m−M) 0 = 27.91 ± 0.08), 65 kpc from the galaxy's center and along the major axis. The stellar population has been resolved to I 0 ≈ 27 with a 50% completeness limit of I 0 = 24.7, well below the tip of the red-giant branch (TRGB), which is seen at I 0 ≈ 23.9. The surface density of NGC 5128 halo stars in our fields was sufficiently low that dim, unresolved background galaxies were a major contaminant in the source counts. We isolated a clean sample of red-giant-branch (RGB) stars extending to ≈0.8 mag below the TRGB through conservative magnitude and color cuts, to remove the (predominantly blue) unresolved background galaxies. We derived stellar metallicities from colors of the stars via isochrones and measured the density falloff of the halo as a function of metallicity by combining our observations with HST imaging taken of NGC 5128 halo fields closer to the galaxy center. We found both metal-rich and metal-poor stellar populations and found that the falloff of the two follows the same de Vaucouleurs' law profiles from ≈8 kpc out to ≈70 kpc. The metallicity distribution function (MDF) and the density falloff agree with the results of two recent studies of similar outermost halo fields in NGC 5128. We found no evidence of a "transition" in the radial profile of the halo, in which the metal-rich halo density would drop rapidly, leaving the underlying metal-poor halo to dominate by default out to greater radial extent, as has been seen in the outer halo of two other large galaxies. If NGC 5128 has such a transition, it must lie at larger galactocentric distances.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Background Galaxy Contamination and The Rgb Selection Windowmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Background Galaxy Contamination and The Rgb Selection Windowmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Red giants in the outer halo of the elliptical galaxy NGC 5128/Centaurus A

Bird

Flynn

Harris

et al. 2015

A&A

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“…Utilizing the Lyman break technique (Guhathakurta et al 1990;Songaila et al 1990), the HDF and subsequent HDFSouth (HDF-S; Casertano et al 2000;Ferguson et al 2000;Williams et al 2000) detected significant numbers of distant starforming galaxies visible in the optical out to redshifts z∼5 (e.g., Madau et al 1996). HSTʼs deep images with high spatial resolution showed that many of these distant galaxies were smaller with higher surface brightnesses and more irregular structures than local galaxy populations (e.g., Abraham et al 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Frontier Fields: Survey Design and Initial Results

Lotz

Koekemoer

Coe

et al. 2017

ApJ

587

574

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What are the faintest distant galaxies we can see with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) now, before the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope? This is the challenge taken up by the Frontier Fields, a Director's discretionary time campaign with HST and the Spitzer Space Telescope to see deeper into the universe than ever before. The Frontier Fields combines the power of HST and Spitzer with the natural gravitational telescopes of massive highmagnification clusters of galaxies to produce the deepest observations of clusters and their lensed galaxies ever obtained. Six clusters-Abell 2744, MACSJ0416.1-2403, MACSJ0717.5+3745, MACSJ1149.5+2223, Abell S1063, and Abell 370-have been targeted by the HST ACS/WFC and WFC3/IR cameras with coordinated parallel fields for over 840 HST orbits. The parallel fields are the second-deepest observations thus far by HST with 5σ point-source depths of ∼29th ABmag. Galaxies behind the clusters experience typical magnification factors of a few, with small regions magnified by factors of 10-100. Therefore, the Frontier Field cluster HST images achieve intrinsic depths of ∼30-33 mag over very small volumes. Spitzer has obtained over 1000 hr of Director's discretionary imaging of the Frontier Field cluster and parallels in IRAC 3.6 and 4.5 μm bands to 5σ point-source depths of ∼26.5, 26.0 ABmag. We demonstrate the exceptional sensitivity of the HST Frontier Field images to faint high-redshift galaxies, and review the initial results related to the primary science goals.

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“…A sense of the error bars z p 6 can be gleaned by comparing rates determined from different indicators (Bell & Kennicutt 2001 on H-alpha vs. far-UV; Williams et al 2000;Casertano et al 2000;Hopkins et al 2000). The last three are part of a campaign directed at galaxies and proto-galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field South.…”

Section: Baby You're the Top: Formation Of Galaxiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astrophysics in 2001

Trimble¹,

Aschwanden²

2002

PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC

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ABSTRACT. During the year, astronomers provided explanations for solar topics ranging from the multiple personality disorder of neutrinos to cannibalism of CMEs (coronal mass ejections) and extrasolar topics including quivering stars, out-of-phase gaseous media, black holes of all sizes (too large, too small, and too medium), and the existence of the universe. Some of these explanations are probably probably true, though the authors are not betting large sums on any one. The data ought to remain true forever, though this requires a careful definition of "data" (think of the Martian canals).

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The Hubble Deep Field South: Formulation of the Observing Campaign

Cited by 117 publications

References 40 publications

Red giants in the outer halo of the elliptical galaxy NGC 5128/Centaurus A

Red giants in the outer halo of the elliptical galaxy NGC 5128/Centaurus A

The Frontier Fields: Survey Design and Initial Results

Astrophysics in 2001

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