The Host Genotype Affects the Bacterial Community in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract

Zoetendal, Erwin G.; Akkermans, A.D.L.; Vliet, W.M. Akkermans-van; Visser, Jaap; Vos, Willem M. de

doi:10.3402/mehd.v13i3.8013

Cited by 282 publications

(344 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…1C and 3), suggesting that fish genotype and intestinal bacteria show no co-evolutionary relationship, at least in the larval stage. This was also contrary to results showing that genotype had a significant effect on gut microbiota composition in humans and mice (Zoetendal et al, 2001;Kovacs et al, 2011). This finding may be attributed to the incomplete larvae development of the four fish species, which influences the composition of the intestinal microbiota.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Host species as a strong determinant of the intestinal microbiota of fish larvae

et al. 2012

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We investigated the influence of host species on intestinal microbiota by comparing the gut bacterial community structure of four cohabitating freshwater fish larvae, silver carp, grass carp, bighead carp, and blunt snout bream, using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of the amplified 16S and 18S rRNA genes. Similarity clustering indicated that the intestinal microbiota derived from these four fish species could be divided into four groups based on 16S rRNA gene similarity, whereas the eukaryotic 18S rRNA genes showed no distinct groups. The water sample from the shared environment contained microbiota of an independent group as indicated by both 16S and 18S rRNA genes segments. The bacterial community structures were visualized using rank-abundance plots fitted with linear regression models. Results showed that the intestinal bacterial evenness was significantly different between species (P<0.05) and between species and the water sample (P<0.01). Thirty-five relatively dominant bands in DGGE patterns were sequenced and grouped into five major taxa: Proteobacteria (26), Actinobacteria (5), Bacteroidetes (1), Firmicutes (2), and Cyanobacterial (1). Six eukaryotes were detected by sequencing 18S rRNA genes segments. The present study suggests that the intestines of the four fish larvae, although reared in the same environment, contained distinct bacterial populations, while intestinal eukaryotic microorganisms were almost identical.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Host species as a strong determinant of the intestinal microbiota of fish larvae

et al. 2012

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“…Under normal circumstances, predominant intestinal microbiota of an adult individual is fairly stable. However, in studies where the long-term temporal stability of the predominant microbiota has been assessed from healthy subjects, the number of subjects has been limited (13)(14)(15)(16) . The human GI-tract, although harbouring a vast number of microbes, has only a limited diversity at the phylum level.…”

Section: Human Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Human gut microbiota: does diet matter?

2014

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The human oro-gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a complex system, consisting of oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus, which all together with the accessory digestive organs constitute the digestive system. The function of the digestive system is to break down dietary constituents into small molecules and then absorb these for subsequent distribution throughout the body. Besides digestion and carbohydrate metabolism, the indigenous microbiota has an important influence on host physiological, nutritional and immunological processes, and commensal bacteria are able to modulate the expression of host genes that regulate diverse and fundamental physiological functions. The main external factors that can affect the composition of the microbial community in generally healthy adults include major dietary changes and antibiotic therapy. Changes in some selected bacterial groups have been observed due to controlled changes to the normal diet e.g. high-protein diet, high-fat diet, prebiotics, probiotics and polyphenols. More specifically, changes in the type and quantity of non-digestible carbohydrates in the human diet influence both the metabolic products formed in the lower regions of the GI tract and the bacterial populations detected in faeces. The interactions between dietary factors, gut microbiota and host metabolism are increasingly demonstrated to be important for maintaining homeostasis and health. Therefore the aim of this review is to summarise the effect of diet, and especially dietary interventions, on the human gut microbiota. Furthermore, the most important confounding factors (methodologies used and intrinsic human factors) in relation to gut microbiota analyses are elucidated.

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“…The positive relationship between host genetic and gut microbial divergence within mammalian species suggests an influence of host genotype on intraspecific gut microbiome variation (Zoetendal et al, 2001;Hildebrand et al, 2013;Linnenbrink et al, 2013). However, diet may also rapidly alter the gut microbiota (David et al, 2014) in ways that can be influenced by sex or host genetic background (Kashyap et al, 2013;Bolnick et al, 2014b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergence across diet, time and populations rules out parallel evolution in the gut microbiomes of Trinidadian guppies

et al. 2015

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Diverse microbial consortia profoundly influence animal biology, necessitating an understanding of microbiome variation in studies of animal adaptation. Yet, little is known about such variability among fish, in spite of their importance in aquatic ecosystems. The Trinidadian guppy, Poecilia reticulata, is an intriguing candidate to test microbiome-related hypotheses on the drivers and consequences of animal adaptation, given the recent parallel origins of a similar ecotype across streams. To assess the relationships between the microbiome and host adaptation, we used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to characterize gut bacteria of two guppy ecotypes with known divergence in diet, life history, physiology and morphology collected from low-predation (LP) and high-predation (HP) habitats in four Trinidadian streams. Guts were populated by several recurring, core bacteria that are related to other fish associates and rarely detected in the environment. Although gut communities of lab-reared guppies differed from those in the wild, microbiome divergence between ecotypes from the same stream was evident under identical rearing conditions, suggesting host genetic divergence can affect associations with gut bacteria. In the field, gut communities varied over time, across streams and between ecotypes in a stream-specific manner. This latter finding, along with PICRUSt predictions of metagenome function, argues against strong parallelism of the gut microbiome in association with LP ecotype evolution. Thus, bacteria cannot be invoked in facilitating the heightened reliance of LP guppies on lower-quality diets. We argue that the macroevolutionary microbiome convergence seen across animals with similar diets may be a signature of secondary microbial shifts arising some time after host-driven adaptation.

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The Host Genotype Affects the Bacterial Community in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract

Cited by 282 publications

References 16 publications

Host species as a strong determinant of the intestinal microbiota of fish larvae

Host species as a strong determinant of the intestinal microbiota of fish larvae

Human gut microbiota: does diet matter?

Divergence across diet, time and populations rules out parallel evolution in the gut microbiomes of Trinidadian guppies

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