The Holocene History of Lake Victoria

Johnson, Thomas C.; Kelts, Kerry; Odada, Eric O.

doi:10.1639/0044-7447(2000)029[0002:thholv]2.0.co;2

Cited by 36 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Speciation of Lake Tana's Labeobarbus most probably occurred in the last 10 000-25 000 years (de Graaf 2003;de Graaf et al 2007). A geological survey confirmed the recent (15 700-15 600 years ago) desiccation of Lake Tana (Lamb et al 2007), similar in time to the desiccation of Lake Victoria (average depth 40 m) (Johnson et al 1996(Johnson et al , 2000. Considering the present ecological diversification (Fig.…”

Section: Ecological Structuringmentioning

confidence: 80%

Adaptive radiation of Lake Tana's (Ethiopia) Labeobarbus species flock (Pisces, Cyprinidae)

Graaf

Dejen

Osse

et al. 2008

Mar. Freshwater Res.

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Studying species flocks (e.g. Darwin's finches, Caribbean anoline lizards, East African cichlid fishes) has proven to be highly successful in understanding the forces driving speciation. The only known, intact species flock of cyprinid fishes, the 15 Labeobarbus species in Lake Tana (Ethiopia), includes eight piscivorous species. Piscivory is a rare specialisation among the highly successful (>2000 species) but mostly benthivorous Cyprinidae. The extent and mechanisms of diversification of this remarkable Labeobarbus species flock, particularly among the unexpected piscivorous species, are still largely unknown. In the present study we demonstrate that all 15 Labeobarbus species are segregated to a great extent along spatial, trophic and/or temporal dimensions. The spatial distribution, diet (prey species but not prey size), time of active feeding and predation techniques differed significantly among the eight piscivores. Lake Tana's cyprinids displayed their retained potential for ecological diversification and speciation, including the uncommon specialisation of piscivory. The latter is probably a result of the absence of common African specialist piscivores in Lake Tana. We suggest that the evolution of Lake Tana's Labeobarbus species flock at this stage is predominantly structured by ecological selection models. The labeobarbs most likely underwent sequential stages of radiation and speciation: habitat divergence followed by trophic divergence.

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Section: Ecological Structuringmentioning

confidence: 80%

Adaptive radiation of Lake Tana's (Ethiopia) Labeobarbus species flock (Pisces, Cyprinidae)

Graaf

Dejen

Osse

et al. 2008

Mar. Freshwater Res.

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“…Similarly, genetic analyzes of B. docmak populations from lacustrine and riverine habitats of the EAR show evidence for vicariance leading to genetic divergence below the species level. Highveld (Johnson, Kelts, & Odada, 2000;Johnson et al, 1996;Morris et al, 2016;Russell & Johnson, 2001). Although there is hardly any information on genetic variation among other bagrid catfishes in African freshwater systems for direct comparison, the divergence of populations in the B. docmak was found to be higher than what has been reported in another Asian freshwater bagrid catfish, Leiocassis longirostris (Yang, Xiao, Yu, & Xu, 2012).…”

Section: Genetic Diversity Population Structure and Connectivity mentioning

confidence: 99%

Populations genetically rifting within a complex geological system: The case of strong structure and low genetic diversity in the migratory freshwater catfish,Bagrus docmak,in East Africa

Basiita

Zenger

Jerry

2017

Ecology and Evolution

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The complex geological history of East Africa has been a driving factor in the rapid evolution of teleost biodiversity. While there is some understanding of how macroevolutionary drivers have shaped teleost speciation in East Africa, there is a paucity of research into how the same biogeographical factors have affected microevolutionary processes within lakes and rivers. To address this deficiency, population genetic diversity, demography, and structure were investigated in a widely distributed and migratory (potamodromous) African teleost species, Ssemutundu (Bagrus docmak). Samples were acquired from five geographical locations in East Africa within two major drainage basins; the Albertine Rift and Lake Victoria Basin. Individuals (N = 175) were genotyped at 12 microsatellite loci and 93 individuals sequenced at the mitochondrial DNA control region. Results suggested populations from Lakes Edward and Victoria had undergone a severe historic bottleneck resulting in very low nucleotide diversity (π = 0.004 and 0.006, respectively) and negatively significant Fu values (−3.769 and −5.049; p < .05). Heterozygosity deficiencies and restricted effective population size (N eLD) suggested contemporary exposure of these populations to stress, consistent with reports of the species decline in the East African Region. High genetic structuring between drainages was detected at both historical (ɸST = 0.62 for mtDNA; p < .001) and contemporary (microsatellite F ST = 0.460; p < .001) levels. Patterns of low genetic diversity and strong population structure revealed are consistent with speciation patterns that have been linked to the complex biogeography of East Africa, suggesting that these biogeographical features have operated as both macro‐ and micro‐evolutionary forces in the formation of the East African teleost fauna.

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“…There are intermediate haplotypes missing along the long branches derived from haplotypes 77 and 92, which might be the result of a massive extinction, possibly related to the most recent dessication of LV between 15,600 and 14,700 years ago (8,9). This might be explained by the fact that LV is shallower and would therefore be much more affected by climatological changes than the other large, generally deeper, Rift Vally lakes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…These studies also estimated that the endemic cichlids are an extremely young species flock, with an age of less than 200,000 years (5). This low age estimate was reduced further when geological data suggested that LV dried out entirely between 15,600 and 14,700 years ago (8,9). The hypothesis that the LV superflock evolved within the past 14,700 years (8-10) led to alternative scenarios, which implied that LV never dried out completely (11) or that part of the original superflock survived in river refugia, from which the LV basin was recolonized (7,10,12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Factors that control vascular integrity include collagen (2), elastin (3,4), and proteases and their inhibitors (5,6), as well as growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), which causes smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation at sites of stress (7,8). PDGF induces SMC migration in vitro and this activity can be blocked by binding of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) (9)(10)(11). LRP1 is a multifunctional protein that binds a variety of biologically diverse ligands (12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Origin of the Superflock of Cichlid Fishes from Lake Victoria, East Africa

Verheyen

Salzburger

Snoeks

et al. 2003

Science

364

420

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Lake Victoria harbors a unique species-rich flock of more than 500 endemic haplochromine cichlid fishes. The origin, age, and mechanism of diversification of this extraordinary radiation are still debated. Geological evidence suggests that the lake dried out completely about 14,700 years ago. On the basis of phylogenetic analyses of almost 300 DNA sequences of the mitochondrial control region of East African cichlids, we find that the Lake Victoria cichlid flock is derived from the geologically older Lake Kivu. We suggest that the two seeding lineages may have already been lake-adapted when they colonized Lake Victoria. A haplotype analysis further shows that the most recent desiccation of Lake Victoria did not lead to a complete extinction of its endemic cichlid fauna and that the major lineage diversification took place about 100,000 years ago.

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The Holocene History of Lake Victoria

Cited by 36 publications

References 38 publications

Adaptive radiation of Lake Tana's (Ethiopia) Labeobarbus species flock (Pisces, Cyprinidae)

Adaptive radiation of Lake Tana's (Ethiopia) Labeobarbus species flock (Pisces, Cyprinidae)

Populations genetically rifting within a complex geological system: The case of strong structure and low genetic diversity in the migratory freshwater catfish,Bagrus docmak,in East Africa

Origin of the Superflock of Cichlid Fishes from Lake Victoria, East Africa

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