The HK5 and HK6 cytokinin receptors mediate diverse developmental pathways in rice

Burr, Christian A.; Sun, Junling; Yamburenko, Maria V.; Willoughby, Andrew; Hodgens, Charles; Boeshore, Samantha Louise; Elmore, Agustus; Atkinson, Jonathan A.; Nimchuk, Zachary L.; Bishopp, Anthony; Schäller, G.; Kieber, Joseph J.

doi:10.1242/dev.191734

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(134 reference statements)

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“…Gain-of-function variants of AHK2 and AHK3, two CK receptors, displayed enhanced CK signaling, resulting in early flowering under long-day conditions [235]. Consistent with these results, the rice hk5 hk6 mutant, disrupted for two HK cytokinin receptor genes, displayed severely delayed flowering [236]. SOC1, FD and ARR5-like were upregulated in sweet cherry tree buds during flowering induction when the highest amount of CKs was applied [237], as they were in apple tree buds when CKs were applied [11].…”

Section: Floweringsupporting

confidence: 68%

Convergence and Divergence of Sugar and Cytokinin Signaling in Plant Development

Wang

Gourrierec

Jiao

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Plants adjust their growth and development through a sophisticated regulatory system integrating endogenous and exogenous cues. Many of them rely on intricate crosstalk between nutrients and hormones, an effective way of coupling nutritional and developmental information and ensuring plant survival. Sugars in their different forms such as sucrose, glucose, fructose and trehalose-6-P and the hormone family of cytokinins (CKs) are major regulators of the shoot and root functioning throughout the plant life cycle. While their individual roles have been extensively investigated, their combined effects have unexpectedly received little attention, resulting in many gaps in current knowledge. The present review provides an overview of the relationship between sugars and CKs signaling in the main developmental transition during the plant lifecycle, including seed development, germination, seedling establishment, root and shoot branching, leaf senescence, and flowering. These new insights highlight the diversity and the complexity of the crosstalk between sugars and CKs and raise several questions that will open onto further investigations of these regulation networks orchestrating plant growth and development.

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Section: Floweringsupporting

confidence: 68%

Convergence and Divergence of Sugar and Cytokinin Signaling in Plant Development

Wang

Gourrierec

Jiao

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Cytokinin biosynthesis is mediated by a series of enzymes, including adenosine phosphate isopentenyl transferases (IPTs) [32]. Cytokinin histidine kinases HK5 and HK6 function as cytokinin receptors; mutations to both in the hk5 hk6 double mutant lead to severe dwarfism and stunted rice plants that lack a visible panicle [33]. Downstream of the HKs are two classes of proteins that participate in cytokinin signaling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New RING Finger Protein, PLANT ARCHITECTURE and GRAIN NUMBER 1, Affects Plant Architecture and Grain Yield in Rice

Yan

Wang

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Developing methods for increasing the biomass and improving the plant architecture is important for crop improvement. We herein describe a gene belonging to the RING_Ubox (RING (Really Interesting New Gene) finger domain and U-box domain) superfamily, PLANT ARCHITECTURE and GRAIN NUMBER 1 (PAGN1), which regulates the number of grains per panicle, the plant height, and the number of tillers. We used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to introduce loss-of-function mutations to OsPAGN1. Compared with the control plants, the resulting pagn1 mutant plants had a higher grain yield because of increases in the plant height and in the number of tillers and grains per panicle. Thus, OsPAGN1 may be useful for the genetic improvement of plant architecture and yield. An examination of evolutionary relationships revealed that OsPAGN1 is highly conserved in rice. We demonstrated that OsPAGN1 can interact directly with OsCNR10 (CELL NUMBER REGULATOR10), which negatively regulates the number of rice grains per panicle. A transcriptome analysis indicated that silencing OsPAGN1 affects the levels of active cytokinins in rice. Therefore, our findings have clarified the OsPAGN1 functions related to rice growth and grain development.

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“…Rice is a model for investigating cytokinin function in monocots, with genetic studies linking cytokinin metabolism to inflorescence development (Ashikari et al ., 2005; Kurakawa et al ., 2007; Gu et al ., 2015; Yeh et al ., 2015). Furthermore, several studies have shed light on cytokinin signaling in rice, including HK receptors (Ding et al ., 2017; Burr et al ., 2020), type‐B RRs (Worthen et al ., 2019), and type‐A RRs (Hirose et al ., 2007; Wang et al ., 2019). Here, we examined the role of the genes encoding rice pseudo His phosphotransfer (PHP) proteins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Function of the pseudo phosphotransfer proteins has diverged between rice and Arabidopsis

et al. 2021

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SUMMARY The phytohormone cytokinin plays a significant role in nearly all aspects of plant growth and development. Cytokinin signaling has primarily been studied in the dicot model Arabidopsis, with relatively little work done in monocots, which include rice (Oryza sativa) and other cereals of agronomic importance. The cytokinin signaling pathway is a phosphorelay comprised of the histidine kinase receptors, the authentic histidine phosphotransfer proteins (AHPs) and type‐B response regulators (RRs). Two negative regulators of cytokinin signaling have been identified: the type‐A RRs, which are cytokinin primary response genes, and the pseudo histidine phosphotransfer proteins (PHPs), which lack the His residue required for phosphorelay. Here, we describe the role of the rice PHP genes. Phylogenic analysis indicates that the PHPs are generally first found in the genomes of gymnosperms and that they arose independently in monocots and dicots. Consistent with this, the three rice PHPs fail to complement an Arabidopsis php mutant (aphp1/ahp6). Disruption of the three rice PHPs results in a molecular phenotype consistent with these elements acting as negative regulators of cytokinin signaling, including the induction of a number of type‐A RR and cytokinin oxidase genes. The triple php mutant affects multiple aspects of rice growth and development, including shoot morphology, panicle architecture, and seed fill. In contrast to Arabidopsis, disruption of the rice PHPs does not affect root vascular patterning, suggesting that while many aspects of key signaling networks are conserved between monocots and dicots, the roles of at least some cytokinin signaling elements are distinct.

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The HK5 and HK6 cytokinin receptors mediate diverse developmental pathways in rice

Cited by 25 publications

References 91 publications

Convergence and Divergence of Sugar and Cytokinin Signaling in Plant Development

Convergence and Divergence of Sugar and Cytokinin Signaling in Plant Development

A New RING Finger Protein, PLANT ARCHITECTURE and GRAIN NUMBER 1, Affects Plant Architecture and Grain Yield in Rice

Function of the pseudo phosphotransfer proteins has diverged between rice and Arabidopsis

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