The HIV and urban food security nexus in Africa

Crush, Jonathan; Drimie, Scott; Frayne, Bruce; Caesar, Mary

doi:10.1007/s12571-011-0137-0

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…As Popkin et al [38] noted, the widespread intake of sugars and saturated fats during infancy has the potential to instigate the onset of non-communicable diseases later in life and speed the epidemiological challenges predicted by both the nutrition transition and the epidemiological transition. Furthermore, the limited capacity of these households to maintain food security increases their vulnerability to communicable diseases like HIV, TB and the new disease-scape of antimicrobial resistant pathogens [26,56]. Given the urban transition underway in Africa over the coming decades [8,9], these vulnerabilities are likely to become exacerbated by poorly planned and implemented urbanization [10,15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Caesar et al [55] further suggest that the food insecurity may be linked to communicable diseases (like HIV and TB) in Southern African cities through circuitous socio-economic poverty. Crush et al [56] suggest that food insecurity and HIV may share a cyclical relationship via precarious and uncertain household income. Household members carrying these diseases often require greater nutritional diversity but are unable to afford it, further progressing the disease impacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Food Swamps and Poor Dietary Diversity: Longwave Development Implications in Southern African Cities

Frayne

McCordic

2018

Sustainability

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While the literature on food deserts focuses on limited availability of food in urban settings, ‘food swamps’ may better characterize the extensive prevalence and accessibility of cheap, highly processed foods. For urban populations, access to nutritionally inadequate poor-quality food has dire developmental consequences. The long-wave impacts of malnutrition at gestational and early childhood stages are negative and can be non-reversible. Moreover, those who survive into adulthood may face a lifetime of sub-optimal physical and mental development that undermines the second and third UN Sustainable Development Goals—to end hunger and to ensure healthy lives. This paper assesses the long-term health vulnerability of children with limited access to adequate and nutritious food in rapidly urbanizing cities. The analysis focuses on the African Urban Food Security Network (AFSUN) data drawn from 6453 household surveys in 11 cities and nine countries in Southern Africa. The results indicate that children in these households are consuming a limited diversity of food, have limited access to resources and have greater odds of experiencing both short-term and long-term food and nutrition insecurity. These findings demonstrate an underlying vulnerability to long-term health impacts stemming from nutritionally inadequate diets, with potentially significant costs to human capital.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Swamps and Poor Dietary Diversity: Longwave Development Implications in Southern African Cities

Frayne

McCordic

2018

Sustainability

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“…Results from one study in Zambia and Kenya suggest that leveraging existing livelihood networks, providing skills training and facilitating asset accumulation are the most promising approaches to support the food security of people on ART [32]. Although the literature is sparse in all geographic areas, most existing data on HIV and livelihoods comes from rural settings in sub-Saharan Africa, which are characterized by a different set of livelihoods and food security issues than in urban settings [34] and in Latin America.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Livelihood Experiences and Adherence to HIV Antiretroviral Therapy among Participants in a Food Assistance Pilot in Bolivia: A Qualitative Study

Palar

Martin²,

Camacho³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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IntroductionHealth and development organizations increasingly promote livelihood interventions to improve health and economic outcomes for people living with HIV (PLHIV) receiving treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART). In-depth understanding about how PLHIV make labor decisions in the context of treatment for HIV – and treatment decisions in the context of their livelihoods – is essential to guiding intervention design and developing hypotheses for future research on livelihoods and ART. However, few studies have explored the perspectives of PLHIV regarding integration of livelihoods and ART in urban, resource-limited settings.MethodsQualitative interviews explored the livelihood experiences of food insecure ART patients in four Bolivian cities (n = 211). Topics included work-related barriers to ART adherence, HIV-related barriers to work, and economic coping mechanisms. Themes were identified using content coding procedures, with two coders to maximize reliability.ResultsParticipants reported complex economic lives often characterized by multiple economic activities, including both formal and informal labor. They struggled to manage ART treatment and livelihoods simultaneously, and faced a range of interpersonal and structural barriers. In particular, lack of HIV status disclosure, stigma, and discrimination were highly salient issues for study participants and likely to be unique to people with HIV, leading to conflict around requesting time off for clinic visits, resentment from co-workers about time off, and difficulties adhering to medication schedules. In addition, health system issues such as limited clinic hours or drug shortages exacerbated the struggle to balance economic activities with HIV treatment adherence.ConclusionsImproved policy-level efforts to enforce existing anti-discrimination laws, reduce HIV-related stigma, and expand health services accessibility could mitigate many of the barriers discussed by our participants, improve adherence, and reduce the need for livelihoods interventions.

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“…Crush et al (2011) offer a potential mechanism to explain this relationship by describing the connection between HIV and urban household food insecurity. Among Sub-Saharan African cities, the rates of HIV prevalence are substantially higher in urban areas than in rural areas.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The progression of the disease requires higher household expenditures on food and medical care while the affected household member has an increasingly limited physical ability to earn a meaningful income. Among poor urban households in Sub-Saharan, the impact of HIV can be magnified by the lack of access to physical infrastructure such as clean water and electricity (Crush et al, 2011).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planning for food secure cities: Measuring the influence of infrastructure and income on household food security in Southern African cities

Frayne

McCordic

2015

Geoforum

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The HIV and urban food security nexus in Africa

Abstract: Journal articleIFPRI3; ISIPHNDP

Cited by 21 publications

References 63 publications

Food Swamps and Poor Dietary Diversity: Longwave Development Implications in Southern African Cities

Food Swamps and Poor Dietary Diversity: Longwave Development Implications in Southern African Cities

Livelihood Experiences and Adherence to HIV Antiretroviral Therapy among Participants in a Food Assistance Pilot in Bolivia: A Qualitative Study

Planning for food secure cities: Measuring the influence of infrastructure and income on household food security in Southern African cities

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