The Hitchner B1 strain of Newcastle disease virus induces high levels of IgA, IgG and IgM in newly hatched chicks

Russell, Peter H.; Ezeifeka, G. O.

doi:10.1016/0264-410x(95)80012-3

Cited by 39 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The time interval between first and replacement clutches equaled 18 days on average (range ϭ 8-39). This is slightly higher than the reported amount of time required for antigen clearance in chicken (Russell and Ezeifeka 1995;King 1999). The delay between first and replacement clutches was not significantly affected by any of the independent variables included in the ANCOVA model (immune treatment, F 1,15 ϭ 0.98, P ϭ 0.338; number of Mhc alleles, F 1,15 ϭ 0.89, P ϭ 0.360; squared number of Mhc alleles, F 1,15 ϭ 0.13, P ϭ 0.727; number of eggs laid in the first clutch, F 1,15 ϭ 0.58, P ϭ 0.458).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…This allowed us to control for previous intraseasonal breeding costs to assess reproductive investment in replacement clutches solely on the basis of the immune treatment. If immune stimulation by NDV is used as a cue of a decreasing probability of survival, vaccinated females are expected to make a higher investment in replacement clutches than controls, once the physiological cost of mounting a defense (i.e., time required for antigen clearance, Russell and Ezeifeka 1995;King 1999) is over. We also predicted that reproductive investment of vaccinated females might be modulated by their Mhc diversity.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Terminal Investment Induced by Immune Challenge and Fitness Traits Associated With Major Histocompatibility Complex in the House Sparrow

et al. 2004

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Abstract. The terminal investment hypothesis predicts that individuals should invest more in their present reproduction if they are less likely to survive to future reproductive events. Infections, which reduce viability, may be used by individuals as a cue of a diminishing residual reproductive value and could therefore theoretically trigger an intensification of breeding effort. We tested this hypothesis in a natural population of house sparrows (Passer domesticus). We manipulated the immune system of breeding females by injecting them with a vaccine against the Paramyxo virus, the agent of Newcastle disease. Females were captured and treated immediately after completion of their first clutch either with the vaccine (NDV) or with phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The entire clutch was subsequently removed. We also screened Mhc class I genes of females to assess possible genotype-by-immune treatment interactions on reproductive investment. Our results indicate that vaccinated females were more likely to lay replacement clutches and that the difference in number of eggs between first and replacement clutches was greater for NDV females than for controls. In addition, chick size, both in terms of tarsus length and body mass, was affected by immune activation but in interaction with nestling age and female body mass, respectively. Mhc genotype-by-immune treatment interactions were never significant; however, allelic diversity was positively correlated with nestling survival. These results show that immune system activation is potentially used as a cue of reduced survival prospect and appears to induce a costly terminal investment behavior, and Mhc diversity might be under selection in a natural population of house sparrows.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

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confidence: 99%

Terminal Investment Induced by Immune Challenge and Fitness Traits Associated With Major Histocompatibility Complex in the House Sparrow

et al. 2004

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“…The protective role of secretive (s)IgA has been shown based on several types of vaccinations and infections with respiratory pathogens. Introducing an anti-NDV vaccine to the conjunctival sac or to the nasal cavity stimulated the production of antigen-specific IgA, which were found in tears and tracheal washings (Jayawardane and Spradbrow 1995, Russel and Ezeifeka 1995, Ganapathy et al 2002. Comparable effects have been achieved in birds infected with M. gallisepticum, in which antigen-specific IgA, IgM and IgY were produced, found in the upper and lower respiratory tract (Yagihashi and Tajima 1986).…”

Section: Basic Functional Dependencies Of Cells Involved In the Localmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local immunity of the respiratory mucosal system in chickens and turkeys

Smiałek¹,

Tykałowski²,

Stenzel³

et al. 2011

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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This review article presents fundamental mechanisms of the local mucosal immunity in selected regions of the respiratory tract in healthy birds and in some pathological conditions. The respiratory system, whose mucosa come into direct contact with microorganisms contaminating inhaled air, has some associated structures, such as Harderian gland (HG), conjunctive-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) and paranasal glands (PG), whose participation in local mechanisms of the mucosal immunity has been corroborated by numerous scientific studies.The nasal mucosa, with structured clusters of lymphoid tissue (NALT -nasal-associated lymphoid tissue) is the first to come into contact with microorganisms which contaminate inhaled air. Lymphoid nodules, made up of B cells with frequently developed germinal centres (GC), surrounded by a coat of CD4 + cells, are the major NALT structures in chickens, whereas CD8 + cells are situated in the epithelium and in the lamina propria of the nasal cavity mucosa.Studies into respiratory system infections (e.g. Mycoplasma gallisepticum) have shown the reactivity of the tracheal mucosa to infection, despite a lack of essential lymphoid tissue.Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) takes part in bronchial immune processes and its structure, topography and ability to perform defensive function in birds is largely age-dependent. Mature BALT is covered by a delicate layer of epithelial cells, called follicle-associated epithelium (FAE). Germinal centres (GC), surrounded by CD4 + cells are developed in most mature BALT nodules, while CD8 + lymphocytes are dispersed among lymphoid nodules and in the epithelium, and they are rarely present in GC.Macrophages make up the first line of defence mechanisms through which the host rapidly responds to microorganisms and their products in the respiratory mucosal system. Another very important element are polymorphonuclear cells, with heterophils being the most important of them. Phagocytic cells obtained from lung lavages in birds are referred to as FARM (free avian respiratory macrophages). Their number in chickens and turkeys is estimated to be 20 times lower than that in mice and rats, which indicates a deficit in the first-line of defence in the birds' respiratory system.There are numerous B cells and antibody secreting cells (ASC) present throughout the respiratory system in birds. Their role comes down to perform antigen-specific protection by producing antibodies (IgM, IgY or IgA class) as a result of contact with pathogenic factors.

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“…The La Sota, B1, and VG/GA vaccine strains, which belong to genotype II (Ballagi-Pordány et al, 1996;Aldous et al, 2003;Alexander, 2008a;Perozo et al, 2008), are known to replicate primarily in respiratory tracts, leading to a greater incidence of undesirable vaccine reactions (van Eck & Goren, 1991;Beard et al, 1993;Russell & Ezeifeka, 1995). On the other hand, among several advantages, the commercial VG/GA strain is able to replicate above all in the intestinal tract.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Characterization of avian paramyxovirus type 1 from migratory wild birds in chickens

Shim

Won³

et al. 2011

Avian Pathology

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Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is one of the most important infectious agents in the poultry industry, and vaccines against it have been widely used for prevention and control. Live vaccines, which can replicate in the respiratory and digestive systems, have been especially needed in areas with outbreaks of viscerotropic velogenic Newcastle disease. Towards the goal of searching for a new live vaccine candidate, avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1) was isolated from the faeces of wild birds. Three APMV-1 strains thus isolated were characterized in terms of phylogeny, pathogenicity, immunogenicity and tissue tropism, and on the basis of these analyses were classified as lentogenic genotype I NDV. CBU2179, one of the three APMV-1 strains, was selected and was evaluated in terms of its efficacy and safety in specific pathogen-free chickens and commercial broilers. The manufactured trial vaccine from this strain, also called CBU2179, induced similar immune responses to those of VG/GA and B1 commercial vaccines, and provided 100% protection against challenge from viscerotropic velogenic NDV, KJW/49 strain (the official challenge strain in Korea). Also, the CBU2179 virus was re-isolated and persisted as long as or longer than other vaccine strains in both the respiratory and alimentary tracts. Therefore, the CBU2179 strain may represent a good candidate for a live Newcastle disease vaccine to protect chickens against viscerotropic velogenic NDV.

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The Hitchner B1 strain of Newcastle disease virus induces high levels of IgA, IgG and IgM in newly hatched chicks

Cited by 39 publications

References 17 publications

Terminal Investment Induced by Immune Challenge and Fitness Traits Associated With Major Histocompatibility Complex in the House Sparrow

Terminal Investment Induced by Immune Challenge and Fitness Traits Associated With Major Histocompatibility Complex in the House Sparrow

Local immunity of the respiratory mucosal system in chickens and turkeys

Characterization of avian paramyxovirus type 1 from migratory wild birds in chickens

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