The History of the Hippocratic Oath: Outdated, Inauthentic, and Yet Still Relevant

Hulkower, Raphael

doi:10.23861/ejbm20102542

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The Hippocratic Oath goes back to the fourth century B.C.E. to either Hippocrates himself or one of his scholars (Hulkower, 2010 andMiles, 2005). Outside of Greece, it is first recorded to have been sworn in France in the ninth century, in Sweden in the tenth and eleventh century (Macer, 1990), and Germany in the early 16th century (Smith, 2008).…”

Section: The Hippocratic Oathmentioning

confidence: 99%

Professional norms and physician behavior: Homo oeconomicus or homo hippocraticus?

Kesternich

Schumacher

Winter³

2015

Journal of Public Economics

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Physicians' treatment decisions determine the level of health care spending to a large extent. The analysis of physician agency describes how doctors trade off their own and their patients' benefits, with a third party (such as the collective of insured individuals or the taxpayers) bearing the costs. Professional norms are viewed as restraining physicians' self-interest and as introducing altruism towards the patient. We present a controlled experiment that analyzes the impact of professional norms on prospective physicians' trade-offs between her own profits, the patients' benefits, and the payers' expenses for medical care. We find that professional norms derived from the Hippocratic tradition shift weight to the patient in the physician's decisions while decreasing his self-interest and efficiency concerns.Keywords: social preferences, allocation of medical resources, professional norms JEL classification: A13, I19, C72, C91 * We would like to thank seminar audiences at Aarhus University, the Harvard Health Care Policy Center, the Kelly School of Business, and the Universities of Copenhagen, Michigan, and Stirling, as well as participants of the 2014 Workshop on Behavioral and Experimental Health Economics at the University of Oslo for valuable comments and discussions. We would also like to thank Suzan Elshout and the team of programmers at CentERdata Tilburg for implementing the internet experiment; René Cyranek and the whole MELESSA team for supporting the fieldwork; and Hendrik Brackmann for excellent research assistance. We are grateful to Martin Fischer and Matthias Holzer for their help in fielding this study with a sample of Munich medical students. We acknowledge financial support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through SFB/TR 15.

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Section: The Hippocratic Oathmentioning

confidence: 99%

Professional norms and physician behavior: Homo oeconomicus or homo hippocraticus?

Kesternich

Schumacher

Winter³

2015

Journal of Public Economics

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“…However, for medical organizations, the situation is becoming increasingly complicated in this genomic era. Oaths of conduct and ethics are taken by healthcare professionals all over the world (Crawshaw, 1994;Green, 2017;Hulkower, 2016), many of which are based on the Hippocratic oath of the 3rd century CE (Loudon, 1994). The following statements are included in the modern Hippocratic oath: "I will respect the privacy of my patients, for their problems are not disclosed to me that the world may know, " and "I will prevent disease whenever I can, for prevention is preferable to cure.…”

Section: Availability Of Health-related Genetic Information To Blood mentioning

confidence: 99%

To Tell or Not to Tell: The Ethics and Law of Disclosing Health-Related Genetic Information to Family Members

Chapman¹,

Devereux²,

Nanau³

et al. 2018

Psych. Rus.

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Background. Genetic conditions and susceptibilities differ from other diseases and health-related risks. Genetic information is shared between blood relatives, and therefore a genetic finding can have implications for the wider family. Objective. The present study investigates people's views on issues related to disclosing genetic information to relatives. Specifically, the study assesses opinions in relation to two issues: 1) whether people have a moral obligation to share their genetic data with family members; and 2) whether healthcare providers should have a legal obligation to share such data when consent is withheld. Design. A public engagement event was held based on the real-life court case of ABC vs the UK National Health Service (NHS). Participants were provided with information in three phases: first, about the case; then, with progressively more details of the case; and finally, with other relevant information. After being given each portion of information, the participants were asked to disclose their views on the rights and responsibilities related to the sharing of this information. Results. The results clearly demonstrate that people hold strong and polarized views regarding confidentiality, and the moral and legal duties to disclose genetic information to family members. Even when withholding information could have an adverse impact on the health and life choices of relatives, participants disagreed about the legal obligations for healthcare providers to disclose a person's genetic information to those relatives. Conclusion. The results suggest that the issues of privacy and disclosure of genetic information are complex and divisive.

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“…Hippocrates (Greece, c460-c370 BC) offers wisdom as we look forward: "As to disease, make a habit of two things: help, or at least, do no harm". The Hippocratic Oath was composed more than 2,400 years ago, but the first recorded use outside Greece was in 1508 AD in Germany, and it was translated into English in the 18th century [14]. This Oath is a declaration to practice medicine justly and ethically, focusing on professional behavior, educating the patients and guarding their wellbeing.…”

Section: An Enquiring Look To the Futurementioning

confidence: 99%

Falsified Medicines in the European Union and North America: What are we doing to Protect Public Health?

Abril

Holt²,

Wilson³

2016

J Pharmacovigil

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Falsified medicines are a global healthcare problem of pandemic dimensions. The consequences are not limited to the less regulated countries; they also impact on the more highly regulated ones. Being aware of this global public health crisis, government authorities are developing more stringent environments to impede the breach of the legitimate supply chain. However, to protect public health and raise awareness, cooperation on the part of all legitimate stakeholders and collaboration of not-for-profit organisations are crucial. The healthcare professional, as last link of the supply-and-distribution chain, is responsible for the medicines provided and needs to be able to guarantee the quality and safety to ensure the wellbeing of patients. Protecting the health of the patient and ensuring high quality, safe and effective medicines must be the highest priority of healthcare providers and the pharmaceutical industry. This short review analyses the efforts and approaches by different governments in the European Union and North America to abolish the presence of falsified medicines in the market and poses important questions to improve the role of healthcare professionals in this important global health matter.

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The History of the Hippocratic Oath: Outdated, Inauthentic, and Yet Still Relevant

Cited by 35 publications

References 4 publications

Professional norms and physician behavior: Homo oeconomicus or homo hippocraticus?

Professional norms and physician behavior: Homo oeconomicus or homo hippocraticus?

To Tell or Not to Tell: The Ethics and Law of Disclosing Health-Related Genetic Information to Family Members

Falsified Medicines in the European Union and North America: What are we doing to Protect Public Health?

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