The history of the Chernobyl 137Cs contamination of the flood plain soils and its relation to physical and chemical properties of the soil horizons (a case study)

Korobova, Elena; Linnik, Vitaly; Чижикова, Н. П.

doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2007.04.014

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The percentage of the NH 4 Ac-extractable 137 Cs is higher in the soil with a higher soil pH . Korobova et al (2008) reported similar correlation between the percentage of extracted 137 Cs and soil pH for the Chernobyl soil samples. The results indicate that ion-exchangeable forms are important for NH 4 Ac-extractable 137 Cs in studied soils.…”

Section: Chemical Extractionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Radionuclides Released from Nuclear Accidents: Distribution and Dynamics in Soil

Nagao

2016

Environmental Remediation Technologies for Metal-Contaminated Soils

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The Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident in 1986, the Mayak reprocessing plant accident in 1957, and the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident in 2011 have released various radionuclides. Spatial distribution of radionuclides in surface soil constitutes fundamental information related to radiation exposure and to post-accident sources for secondary dispersion of radionuclides. The spatial and vertical distributions of 137 Cs, 90 Sr, and Pu from those three nuclear accidents were reviewed to elucidate the fate of the radionuclides in the soil environment. This chapter specifically presents information about the dynamics of radiocesium ( 134 Cs and 137 Cs) in the soil of contaminated areas because of its long half-life and its major contribution to the overall external radiation dose. Along with an examination of global fallout, for soils of various types, the existence forms and geochemical behavior of radiocesium in surface soil after the Fukushima accident are reviewed, as are similar results from the Chernobyl and Mayak nuclear accidents.

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Section: Chemical Extractionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Radionuclides Released from Nuclear Accidents: Distribution and Dynamics in Soil

Nagao

2016

Environmental Remediation Technologies for Metal-Contaminated Soils

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“…Fractions <0.05 mm were collected utilizing a pipette method. The initial weights of the samples were approximately 30 g. Fractionation allowed separation of the following particle size ranges (mm): 1.0-0.5, 0.5-0.25, 0.25- In this paper, we discuss pelite (<0.01 mm) and aleurite (0.01-0.1 mm according to Puffengoldz 1978) fractions as the most significant for radionuclide fixation (Korobova et al 2008.…”

Section: Study Area and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been previously shown that studies of technogenic radionuclide distributions in different granulometric fractions of alluvial soils are important in enabling the reliable reconstruction of the radiation situation for particular landscapegeochemical conditions following serious radiation accidents, such as Chernobyl (Korobova et al 2008). This is also true for cases of technogenic contamination arising from more routine releases, such as those that occurred in the Yenisey basin .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of artificial radioisotopes in granulometric and organic fractions of alluvial soils downstream from the Krasnoyarsk Mining and Chemical Combine (KMCC), Russia

2015

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the distribution of the most significant medium and long-lived radioisotopes, i.e., 60 Co, 137 Cs, and 152 Eu, in granulometric and organic fractions of alluvial soils downstream from the Krasnoyarsk Mining and Chemical Combine (KMCC), Russia, to reveal natural patterns of their behavior and accumulation. Materials and methods Soil samples collected at different elevations and depths in a floodplain of the Yenisey River downstream from the KMCC (20-250 km) were subjected to granulometric analysis by dry screening and a modified Petelin method. Fractions <0.05 mm were collected by a pipette method. Radionuclide activity in the different soil layers and in their fractions was determined using a spectrometer equipped with an HPGe detector. Concentration of total C (Ctot) and C of carbonates (Ccarb) was determined using a CHN analyzer before and after elimination of carbonates, organic C (Corg) being calculated as the difference between the obtained values. Organic fractions were separated by saturation of the air-dry sample with 0.1 M NaOH and further precipitation of humic acid from filtrate by 1 M HCl at pH 1. The separation resulted in three fractions of the fulvic acids, humic acids, and the residue containing the denuded mineral phase and the refractory organic residue. The selected bulk samples and fractions were analyzed for radionuclide activity. Results and discussion Based on earlier results, the distribution of the pelite (<0.01 mm) and aleurite (0.01-0.1 mm) fractions in alluvium and soil samples have been analyzed to evaluate the grain-size contribution to radionuclide fixation. A positive correlation between radionuclide activity and the portion of pelite fraction was established for 60 Co and 152 Eu, while 137 Cs accumulation was not related with this fraction. In organic matter (OM) extracts, more than 90 % of 137 Cs, at proportions similar to those attributable to 238 Th and 40 K, were associated with the residue fraction, while 72 % of 152 Eu and 46 % of 60 Co were found in the mobile fraction of the low molecular fulvic acids. In successive layers of the soil vertical profile, approximately 94 % of the 152 Eu variation may be explained by a linear model with Corg and Ccarb values as independent variables. Conclusions Different associations of 137 Cs, 60 Co, and 152 Eu with particulate and organic fractions in river sediments and floodplain soils could be explained by the dominating discharge form (water soluble or particulate), affinity to organic substances of different mobility, sorption by minerals and their aggregates, and chemisorption.

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“…Prolonged inundation could enhance post-depositional mobility of 137 Cs. It is believed that transport of caesium in alluvial soils is most active during inundation (both in a vertical and a lateral direction) followed by a period of radionuclide fixation under unsaturated and dry conditions (Ciszewski et al 2008;Korobova et al 2008). Postdepositional migration might also potentially influence estimates of the accretion rates derived from the vertical profiles of metal concentrations and of 210 Pb.…”

Section: Estimates Of Deposition Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Use of Trace Metals, 210Pb and 137Cs in Floodplain Sediments of a Lowland River as Indicators of Anthropogenic Impacts

Łokas

Wachniew

Ciszewski

et al. 2009

Water Air Soil Pollut

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This study focuses on the distribution of selected trace metals, 137 Cs and 210 Pb, in floodplain deposits of the lowland Warta River (southern Poland) downstream of Częstochowa, a large city with an iron smelter. The depth profiles of trace metal (Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cd and Mn), 210 Pb and 137 Cs contents in floodplain sediments were used to derive deposition rates on the floodplain for the twentieth century. The applicability of particular chronometric tools is considered within the context of their mutual relationships and confirmed by the consistency of the results. Deposition rate estimates for the past 50 years based on the vertical patterns of trace metal concentrations, which were correlated with particular events in the development of the smelter, range from 0.4 cm·year −1 in profiles situated in backswamps far from the channel to over 1.1 cm·year −1 in profiles of the natural levee adjacent to the river. Deposition rates based on 210 Pb inventories in the profiles range from 0.08 to 0.66 g·cm −2 ·year −1 , which corresponds to linear sedimentation rates of 0.10 to 0.91 cm·year −1 , respectively. Dating of characteristic levels associated with peak fallout of 137 Cs gives sediment accretion rates resembling those obtained from trace metals and 210 Pb. The period of the highest sediment accumulation rate could be related to the highest loads of effluent from the iron smelter and city of Często-chowa, which were substantially reduced after the construction of effluent treatment plant.

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The history of the Chernobyl 137Cs contamination of the flood plain soils and its relation to physical and chemical properties of the soil horizons (a case study)

Cited by 25 publications

References 18 publications

Radionuclides Released from Nuclear Accidents: Distribution and Dynamics in Soil

Radionuclides Released from Nuclear Accidents: Distribution and Dynamics in Soil

Distribution of artificial radioisotopes in granulometric and organic fractions of alluvial soils downstream from the Krasnoyarsk Mining and Chemical Combine (KMCC), Russia

Simultaneous Use of Trace Metals, 210Pb and 137Cs in Floodplain Sediments of a Lowland River as Indicators of Anthropogenic Impacts

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