The History of Sepsis from Ancient Egypt to the XIX Century

Botero, Johan Sebastián Hernández; Perez, Maria Cristina

doi:10.5772/51484

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Infectious diseases have plagued mankind for millennia, 1 and remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality. 2 Despite this, the complex pathophysiological response to infection remains to be fully elucidated, and a gold-standard test for serious infection (or colloquially, 'sepsis') does not currently exist.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Quick Sequential Organ Function Assessment, and Organ Dysfunction

Williams

Greenslade

McKenzie

et al. 2017

CHEST

255

151

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M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPTAbbreviations: CI = confidence interval, CNS = central nervous system, Cr = creatinine, CVS = cardiovascular system, ED = emergency department, FiO2 = fraction inspired oxygen, GCS = Glascow coma score, GIT = gastrointestinal system, HAEM = haematological system, HR = hazard ratio, ICU = intensive care unit, IQR = inter-quartile range, NA = noradrenaline, OR = odds ratio, PaO2 = arterial oxygen partial pressure (mmHg), RA = room air, RESP = respiratory system, RR = relative risk, SBP = systolic blood pressure, SD = standard deviation, SIRS = systemic inflammatory response syndrome, SOFA = sequential organ function assessment, SpO2 = oximetry saturation, UO = urine output. M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT ABSTRACTObjective: A proposed revision of sepsis definitions has abandoned SIRS, defined organ dysfunction as an increase in total SOFA score of ≥2, and conceived "qSOFA" as a bedside indicator of organ dysfunction. We aimed to (1) determine the prognostic impact of SIRS, (2) compare diagnostic accuracy of SIRS and qSOFA for organ dysfunction, and (3) compare standard (Sepsis-2) and revised (Sepsis-3) definitions for organ dysfunction in emergency department patients with infection.Methods: Consecutive ED patients admitted with presumed infection were prospectively enrolled over three years. Observational data were collected sufficient to calculate SIRS, qSOFA, SOFA, comorbidity and mortality.Results: 8871 patients were enrolled, 4176 (47.1%) with SIRS. SIRS was associated with increased risk of organ dysfunction (RR 3.5), and mortality in patients without organ dysfunction (OR 3.2). SIRS and qSOFA showed similar discrimination for organ dysfunction (AUROC 0.72 vs 0.73). qSOFA was specific but poorly sensitive for organ dysfunction (96.1%, 29.7% respectively). Mortality for patients with organ dysfunction was similar for Sepsis-2 and Sepsis-3 (12.5%, 11.4%) although 29% of patients with Sepsis-3 organ dysfunction did not meet Sepsis-2 criteria. Increasing number of Sepsis-2 organ dysfunctions was associated with greater mortality.Conclusions: SIRS was associated with organ dysfunction and mortality, and abandoning the concept appears premature. Although qSOFA≥2 showed high specificity, poor sensitivity may limit utility as a bedside screen. Although mortality for organ dysfunction was comparable between Sepsis-2 and Sepsis-3, more prognostic and clinical information is conveyed using Sepsis-2 regarding number of organ dysfunctions. The SOFA score may require recalibration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Quick Sequential Organ Function Assessment, and Organ Dysfunction

Williams

Greenslade

McKenzie

et al. 2017

CHEST

255

151

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Also, some students decided that Semmelweis's failure could be explained by the fact that his views clashed with the dominant paradigm of his day (option D in Table 2) (Ataman et al 2013;Gillies 2005;Henao 1999;Hernández Botero 2010;Hernández Botero and Florián Pérez 2012;Kadar 2019;Persson 2009;Volcy 2012). Nonetheless, only very few students considered physicians' reluctance to wash their hands in calcium chloride (option C in Table 2) as a plausible reason for Semmelweis's failure (Adriaanse et al 2000;Cropley and Cropley 2008;Lerner 2014;Stewardson and Pittet 2011;Volcy 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fourth and last possible reason for Semmelweis's failure concerns the fact that Semmelweis's views clashed with the dominant paradigm of his day: the miasma and contagion theories (Gillies 2005;Hernández Botero 2010;Persson 2009;Volcy 2012). Although eminently rational and reasonable, Semmelweis' discovery directly confronted the beliefs of science and medicine in his time (Ataman et al 2013;Hernández Botero and Florián Pérez 2012;Kadar 2019). Henao (1999) describes Semmelweis' contribution as the genesis of a new paradigm: the germ theory of disease.…”

Section: The Case Of Semmelweis and Puerperal Fevermentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Historical Scientific Controversies to Promote Undergraduates’ Argumentation

2020

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The Covid-19 pandemic is the reason why humanity is paying more attention to the importance of regular and rigorous handwashing. Interestingly, in the nineteenth century, regular and rigorous handwashing was a key (and controversial) solution proposed by the Hungarian obstetrician Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis to cut drastically cases of puerperal fever. The purpose of this study was to provide evidence that the case of Semmelweis and puerperal fever-a crucial historical scientific controversy-can be used as a springboard to promote university student argumentation. Our study was inspired by the fact that the Organization for Economic and Cooperative Development (OECD) stressed that more efforts and resources should be invested in promoting argumentation as an essential component for scientifically literate citizens in twenty-first century societies. However, nowadays, argument and debate are virtually absent from university science education. The data was derived from 124 undergraduates' (64 females and 60 males, 15-30 years old) written responses and audio and video recordings in a university biology course in Colombia. The findings show that the articulation of this historical controversy with decision-making, small-group debate, and whole-class debate activities can be useful for promoting undergraduates' argumentation. This study contributes to the development of a research-based university science education that can inform the design of an argumentation curriculum for higher education.

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“…It was not until the 20th century that Hugo Schottmüller 2 and Roger Bone 3 proposed the modern clinical definition of sepsis. Before this era, sepsis was regarded as severe biological decay that may accompany fevers 4 or a syndrome that might have resulted from invisible living creatures 5,6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale Biofluidic and Nanobiotechnology Approaches for Treating Sepsis in Extracorporeal Circuits

Kang

2020

BioChip J

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Infectious diseases and their pandemics periodically attract public interests due to difficulty in treating the patients and the consequent high mortality. Sepsis caused by an imbalanced systemic inflammatory response to infection often leads to organ failure and death. The current therapeutic intervention mainly includes "the sepsis bundles," antibiotics (antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal), intravenous fluids for resuscitation, and surgery, which have significantly improved the clinical outcomes in past decades; however, the patients with fulminant sepsis are still in desperate need of alternative therapeutic approaches. One of the potential supportive therapies, extracorporeal blood treatment, has emerged and been developed for improving the current therapeutic efficacy. Here, I overview how the treatment of infectious diseases has been assisted with the extracorporeal adjuvant therapy and the potential utility of various nanobiotechnology and microfluidic approaches for developing new auxiliary therapeutic methods.

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The History of Sepsis from Ancient Egypt to the XIX Century

Cited by 12 publications

References 47 publications

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Quick Sequential Organ Function Assessment, and Organ Dysfunction

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Quick Sequential Organ Function Assessment, and Organ Dysfunction

Using Historical Scientific Controversies to Promote Undergraduates’ Argumentation

Multiscale Biofluidic and Nanobiotechnology Approaches for Treating Sepsis in Extracorporeal Circuits

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