The History of Quantification in Medical Science

Patient Data as Medical Facts: Social Media Practices as a Foundation for Medical Knowledge Creation

“…It has had to take place in specific institutions. Only the realization of hospital services in large scale has enabled the development and systematization of clinical statistics (Shryock 1961). At the same time, stenographers, data editors, and data librarians have all played an increasingly important role in the standardization, circulation, and storage of medical data in hospitals and other medical care settings (Berg 1997;Bowker and Star 1999;Timmermans and Berg 2003).…”

“…The collected data are all generated through distributed input by the patients, from locations of their choice, and commonly from home. Through these arrangements, the network trespasses on the rigid boundaries separating medical expert practice and research -traditional loci being hospitals, primary care, and laboratories (Shryock 1961;Star 1986) -from the contexts of everyday living in which illnesses commonly manifest and patient experiences are lived.…”

Naturwissenschaftliche Methoden im klinischen Laboratorium des 19. Jahrhunderts und ihr Einfluß auf das klinische Denken

“…Aber erst die ,quantitative Analyse`, welche zu einem in Zahlen angebbaren, auf einer Skala darstellbaren Resultat fçhrt, brachte den haechsten Grad der Unterscheidbarkeit. 13 Die Verwendung quantitativer Zeichen oder Befunde in der Diagnostik am Krankenbett ist ein frçhes Beispiel fçr die Quantifikation in der Medizin 14 Les maladies sont des drangements que subissent les fonctions et qui les loignent de l'tat normal ou physiologique. Elles proviennent toujours de la lsion des organes chargs d'excuter ces fonctions.…”

Epilepsia e insanidade no início do século XIX - história conceitual

“…A análise por enumeração era uma característica conceitual intrínseca da escola anátomo-patológica (Shryock, 1961). Laplace (Keynes, 1929) tinha publicado em 1812 o seu cálculo de probabilidades e até sugeriu sua aplicação para a pesquisa médica.…”