The history of permanent-magnet materials

Livingston, J. D.

doi:10.1007/bf03220870

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Permanent magnetic materials have been an important area of research for the last century [1], starting with high carbon steels in the early 1900's and moving on to high performance rare earth magnets near the end of the century. As their properties have improved their application has grown and they are now used in a wide variety of products such as printers, hard disks, MRIs and electrical engines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probability Distribution of Substituted Titanium in RT₁₂ (R = Nd and Sm; T = Fe and Co) Structures

et al. 2018

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We investigated the atomic fill site probability distributions across supercell structures of RT12-xTi (R=Nd, Sm, T=Fe, Co). We use a combined molecular dynamics and Boltzmann distribution approach to extrapolate the probability distributions for Ti substitution from lower to higher temperatures with an equilibrium condition to assess how temperature affects the predictability of the structures fill path. It was found that the Nd and Sm based Fe systems have the highest filling probability path at lower temperatures but the cohesive energy change due to Ti substitution in Sm and Nd based crystals indicates that a more stable system could be achieved with a combination Co and Fe in the transition metal site.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probability Distribution of Substituted Titanium in RT₁₂ (R = Nd and Sm; T = Fe and Co) Structures

et al. 2018

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“…It allows estimating the extent to which, in the nanocomposite, the phases with hard and soft magnetic properties are coupled by means of exchange interactions. 12,15,16 An additional indicator proving information about the existence of such interactions in the nanocomposite comprising the phases of different magnetic hardness can be the shape of the magnetic hysteresis loop in combination with the results of the phase composition and grain size studies. Based on the data collected in Table 3, it was found that the material solidified at higher linear speeds of the rotating copper drum (30 m/s and 35 m/s) was characterized by poor, soft-magnetic properties, which was related to the polycrystalline structure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A qualitative analysis of the phase composition showed that the contents of both phases were 19. 15 From the magnetic studies it was found that the tapes produced with the lowest cooling rate were characterized by the best hard magnetic properties. The application of higher speeds of the copper drum resulted in their deterioration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of solidification speed on the structure and magnetic properties of Nd10Fe81Zr1B6 in the as-cast state

Dośpiał¹,

Nabiałek²

2016

Mater. Tehnol.

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The paper presents results of the structure and magnetic properties of the Nd10-xTbxFe81Zr1B6 (x = 0, 2) alloy in the as-cast state. The samples were produced using the melt-spinning method. The solidification speed was controlled indirectly by changing the linear velocity of a copper drum. Based on magnetic and structural studies, it was found that samples obtained while the linear velocity of the copper drum was equal to 20 m/s had good hard-magnetic properties. The substitution of 2 % of Nd by Tb led to grain growth of both the a-Fe (9 nm and 24 nm for x = 0 and x = 2) and Nd2Fe14B phases (41 nm and 70 nm for x = 0 and x = 2, respectively). The grain growth to sizes higher than the exchange interaction distance in the sample with Tb resulted in a bimodal shape of the demagnetization curve. The samples obtained at higher linear speeds of the copper drum were composed of amorphous matrices with small amounts of crystalline phases and had weak, soft-magnetic properties. Keywords: permanent magnets, nanocomposities, X-ray diffraction, exchange interactionŝ lanek predstavlja rezultate {tudije strukturnih in magnetnih lastnosti zlitine Nd10-xTbxFe81Zr1B6 (x = 0, 2) v litem stanju. Vzorci so bili pripravljeni z ulivanjem na hitro vrte~em se valju. Hitrost strjevanja je bila posredno kontrolirana s spreminjanjem linearne hitrosti bakrenega valja. Magnetne in strukturne {tudije so pokazale, da imajo vzorci, dobljeni pri linearni hitrosti bakrenega valja 20 m/s, dobre trdomagnetne lastnosti. Nadomestilo z 2 % atomskega dele`a Nd s Tb, je povzro~ilo rast zrn obeh faz a-Fe (9 nm in 24 nm pri x = 0 in x = 2) in Nd2Fe14B (41 nm in 70 nm pri x = 0 in x = 2). Rast zrn, do velikosti, ve~je od izmenjalne interakcijske razdalje v vzorcu s Tb, se je pokazala v bimodalni obliki demagnetizacijske krivulje. Vzorci, dobljeni pri ve~jih linearnih hitrostih bakrenega valja, so bili sestavljeni iz amorfne osnove z majhnim dele`em kristalnih faz in so imeli slabe mehko magnetne lastnosti. Klju~ne besede: permanentni magneti, nanokompoziti, rentgenska difrakcija, izmenjalne interakcije

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“…For both historical and practical reasons, these experimental setups have employed electromagnets. Before rare-earth permanent magnets became commercially available in the 1970s 8 this was the only practical way to generate a sufficiently strong extended deflecting field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong permanent magnet gradient deflector for Stern–Gerlach-type experiments on molecular beams

Liang

Fuchs

Kresin

2020

Review of Scientific Instruments

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We describe the design, assembly, and testing of a magnet intended to deflect beams of paramagnetic nanoclusters, molecules, and atoms. It is energized by high-grade permanent neodymium magnets. This offers a convenient option in terms of cost, portability, and scalability of the construction, while providing field and gradient values (1.1 T, 330 T/m) which are fully comparable with commonly used electromagnet deflectors.

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The history of permanent-magnet materials

Cited by 13 publications

References 14 publications

Probability Distribution of Substituted Titanium in RT₁₂ (R = Nd and Sm; T = Fe and Co) Structures

Probability Distribution of Substituted Titanium in RT₁₂ (R = Nd and Sm; T = Fe and Co) Structures

Influence of solidification speed on the structure and magnetic properties of Nd10Fe81Zr1B6 in the as-cast state

Strong permanent magnet gradient deflector for Stern–Gerlach-type experiments on molecular beams

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The history of permanent-magnet materials

Cited by 13 publications

References 14 publications

Probability Distribution of Substituted Titanium in RT12 (R = Nd and Sm; T = Fe and Co) Structures

Probability Distribution of Substituted Titanium in RT12 (R = Nd and Sm; T = Fe and Co) Structures

Influence of solidification speed on the structure and magnetic properties of Nd10Fe81Zr1B6 in the as-cast state

Strong permanent magnet gradient deflector for Stern–Gerlach-type experiments on molecular beams

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Probability Distribution of Substituted Titanium in RT₁₂ (R = Nd and Sm; T = Fe and Co) Structures

Probability Distribution of Substituted Titanium in RT₁₂ (R = Nd and Sm; T = Fe and Co) Structures