The History of MR Imaging as Seen through the Pages ofRadiology

Abstract

The first reports in Radiology pertaining to magnetic resonance (MR) imaging were published in 1980, 7 years after Paul Lauterbur pioneered the first MR images and 9 years after the first human computed tomographic images were obtained. Historical advances in the research and clinical applications of MR imaging very much parallel the remarkable advances in MR imaging technology. These advances can be roughly classified into hardware (eg, magnets, gradients, radiofrequency [RF] coils, RF transmitter and receiver, MR imaging-compatible biopsy devices) and imaging techniques (eg, pulse sequences, parallel imaging, and so forth). Image quality has been dramatically improved with the introduction of high-field-strength superconducting magnets, digital RF systems, and phased-array coils. Hybrid systems, such as MR/positron emission tomography (PET), combine the superb anatomic and functional imaging capabilities of MR imaging with the unsurpassed capability of PET to demonstrate tissue metabolism. Supported by the improvements in hardware, advances in pulse sequence design and image reconstruction techniques have spurred dramatic improvements in imaging speed and the capability for studying tissue function. In this historical review, the history of MR imaging technology and developing research and clinical applications, as seen through the pages of Radiology, will be considered.

WITHDRAWN: The secret behind peripheral inflammation and depression: The hypothalamus

“…Magnetic resonance spectroscopy enables the non-invasive detection of the concentrations of various brain metabolites using strong magnetic elds 21 . The concentrations of metabolites or neurotransmitters can be determined using MRS 22 , including glutamine metabolites such as glutamate (Glu) and glutamine (Gln) 23 or the metabolite Glx, which is the sum of Gln and Glu 24 .…”

The Empirical Foundations of Teleradiology and Related Applications: A Review of the Evidence

“…Often, CT examinations use contrast materials (oral, rectal, injection) or dyes such as iodine to enhance viewing of specific organs, tissues, or blood vessels (as in vascular imaging). 5 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 10 uses powerful magnets to align the nuclei of atoms inside the body and a variable magnetic field, causing the atoms to resonate. It is also referred to as nuclear magnetic resonance.…”

Volumetric wireless coil based on periodically coupled split‐loop resonators for clinical wrist imaging

“…However, the same coil is rarely used for reception due to low sensitivity. Instead more sensitive and less noisy surface coils and arrays are widely used for reception . Different dedicated coils are used for examining different areas providing high SNR in the region‐of‐interest (ROI).…”

“…Instead more sensitive and less noisy surface coils and arrays are widely used for reception. 1,2 Different dedicated coils are used for examining different areas 3 providing high SNR in the region-of-interest (ROI). The use of wireless coils (WLCs), that is, the resonators designed for imaging a particular target ROI, which is wirelessly connected to an appropriate transmitter and/or receiver can be similarly beneficial.…”