The History of Cities in the Economically Advanced Areas

Lampard, Eric E.

doi:10.1086/449680

Cited by 108 publications

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“…Earlier contributions by e.g. Christaller (1935), Lösch (1938;1940), or Ullman (1941 already stressed that "no city is ever an island existing in and of itself" (Lampard, 1955). Yet, it was only recently that several papers explicitly focus on the where-do-cities-form question in a theoretical framework of endogenous city location that formalizes the idea that already 7 All costs associated with moving goods from one location to another, including not only transportation costs but also tolls, tariffs and less tangible costs associated with differences in e.g.…”

Section: Economic Geographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and facilitates a more efficient provision of public goods (Lampard, 1955;Marshall, 1890). It may therefore not be surprising that cities are argued to have played a very important role in Europe's economic 'take-off' during the late Medieval and Early Modern period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead, it relies on historical narratives, largely descriptive accounts of European 2 Influential contributions in these literatures are among others Pirenne (1925), De Vries (1984) or Bairoch (1988) [narrative urban history], Christaller (1935), Lösch (1940), Ullman (1941) or Lampard (1955) [economic geography], and Krugman (1993a), Fujita and Mori (1997) or Behrens (2007) [urban economics / geographical economics]. 3 An even earlier contribution focussing on 2 nd nature geography is von Thünen (1826).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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City seeds: Geography and the origins of the European city system

Bosker

Buringh

2017

Journal of Urban Economics

118

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Section: Economic Geographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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City seeds: Geography and the origins of the European city system

Bosker

Buringh

2017

Journal of Urban Economics

118

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“…Major population growth and successful regional development generated conditions for urban fluorescence on a scale unknown in colonial times, and this encouraged a morphological divergence from past traditions. 4 Common experiences in industrialization and the growth of large cities in the United States and northwestern Europe were to reverse some of these divergent trends but too late to erase major characteristics of an emerging U.S. tradition in urban life. This essay, then, aims to provide a broad introduction to the morphological character of cities that developed in the United States in the nineteenth century, suggesting a conceptual framework within which to approach the concrete, physical nature of these cities, with emphasis on urban forms as artifacts of the culture and economy that produced them.…”

Section: Set Within the Context Of Varying Traditions Of Western Urbamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Morphology of Nineteenth-Century Cities in the United States

Conzen¹

2013

uhr

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Prise dans le contexte de la variété traditionnelle de l’urbanisme occidental, la ville américaine est considérée comme une création partiellement autonome; l’accent est mis dans cet exposé sur le développement des formes physiques au cours de la période cruciale du XIXe siècle. Neuf caractéristiques morphologiques spécifiques — faible densité, quartiers excentriques aux limites imprécises, brève existence des constructions, etc. — reçoivent une attention particulière. Cinq grands thèmes, qui vont de la nature de l’environnement américain à la valeur culturelle attribuée à la terre et au rôle de l’État, sont proposés comme explications possibles des caractères physiques de la ville américaine. Vient ensuite une revue des conceptions et des constatations de nature générale sur les trois éléments fondamentaux de l’organisation urbaine aux États-Unis : l’écologie de l’utilisation du sol, l’histoire de l’espace construit et les plans cadastraux. L’essai se termine par une étude plus détaillée des tendances existantes dans cette dernière catégorie, compte tenu du manque de conceptions claires à cet égard. Dans les transformations générales qui se sont produites et à l’aide d’exemples typiques de plans urbains, simples ou complexes, de villes américaines au XIXe siècle, on distingue les phases coloniales, les fondations de nouvelles villes et les concentrations et transformations qui ont porté à la fois sur les quartiers excentriques et les noyaux urbains à forte densité. Enfin, l’auteur présente une division préliminaire du siècle en trois périodes de développement structural afin de susciter la poursuite des études dans le cadre d’analyse envisagé.Set within the context of varying traditions of Western urbanism, the U.S. city is considered as a partially autonomous creation, and emphasis is placed on the development of its physical forms during the crucial period of the nineteenth century. Nine distinguishing morphological characteristics such as low density, indistinct urban fringes, and short life of buildings are given special stress. Five broad themes, ranging from the nature of the American environment to the cultural value of land and government, are suggested as possible explanations of American physical urban traits. This is followed by a review of concepts and general findings regarding the three basic components of American urban form: land use ecology, history of building fabric, and cadastral patterns. The essay closes with a more detailed analysis of trends in the last category, given the dearth of conceptual clarity concerning this component. General changes in and representative examples of simple and complex urban ground plans of U.S. cities in the nineteenth century include colonial antecedents, new town foundations, and mature town accretions and modifications both on urban fringes and within densely-built urban cores. Finally, a preliminary division of the century into three morphogenetic periods is offered with a view to stimulating further development of the suggested framework

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“…A large number of studies show that there is a significant positive correlation relationship between urbanization and economic growth (Eric E. Lampard 1955& B. Renaud 1981. One hand, the mutual relationship between the urbanization and economic growth is reflected by economic growth promoting the urbanization process in the long-term(H. B.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-integration and Causality Analysis of the Financial Development on Urbanization

Sun¹,

Liu²

2015

Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Social Science and Higher Education

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Abstract-This paper examines how financial development affects level of urbanization in China. Using a co-integration test and VEC model through time series data from 1991 to 2012, it is pointed that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between the financial development and the level of urbanization. Furthermore, the research presents that the financial development scale has positive effect on the level of urbanization in short term, but the financial development structure and the financial development efficiency have negative effects on the level of urbanization in short term. The results suggest that in order to significantly promote the level of urbanization, current financial reform in China should enlarge the financial development scale, optimize financial structures, strengthen governance structure of state-owned bank and accelerate market-oriented reforms of interest rates.

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The History of Cities in the Economically Advanced Areas

Cited by 108 publications

References 0 publications

City seeds: Geography and the origins of the European city system

City seeds: Geography and the origins of the European city system

The Morphology of Nineteenth-Century Cities in the United States

Co-integration and Causality Analysis of the Financial Development on Urbanization

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