The history of business and war: introduction

Lakomaa, Erik

doi:10.1080/03585522.2017.1397314

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(16 reference statements)

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Section: Background To Understanding War and International Businessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, MNEs can be beneficiaries of de-militarization programmes following the post-war period such as Japanese manufacturing multinationals following the second world war. Business historian Lakomaa (2017) proposes the fact that wars historically (and in more recent times at least for some industries or companies), have been profitable, "has given rise to a debate on whether companies might have wanted war to increase their own profits". Either way, there is enough evidence to raise two fundamental questions: Who are the corporate beneficiaries of war?…”

Section: 21mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Classical liberals such as Adam Smith and Immanuel Kant believed that trading nations will be more peaceful, arguing that economic interdependence encourages peace because it increases the costs of war, rendering conflict with a trading partner irrational. Yet numerous wars have been fought over IB interests, the protection of trade routes, the opening up of markets for resource seeking or market seeing purposes or simply to protect or advance the interests of individual companies (Slim, 2012; Lakomaa, 2017). Historical research on European company-states such as Britain’s East India corporation shows how these early MNEs were often allowed to use war to defend and extend their international commercial interests with armed force at sea and on land (Phillips and Sharman, 2020, p. 1258).…”

Section: Background To Understanding War and International Businessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploiting bullets: international business and the dynamics of war

Owens

2021

cpoib

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to critically review the existing research on the intersection between war and international business (IB) and to map out a future research agenda. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on corporate examples and extant literature within IB, political science and international relations, the paper provides an introduction to the main concepts of war, a review of the IB research on war and provides a critical future research agenda. Findings The review of the multiple strands of war-related research in IB generally reveals an understudied area. Among other biases, prior research has focused on inter-state wars and has relatively unexplored foreign direct investment (FDI) and non-FDI within civil wars. Furthermore, previous studies offer little attention to how IB and multinational companies contribute to the emergence and development of wars. Originality/value The paper develops an analytical and critical research agenda for future research to examine the relationship between war and IB. This includes a set of questions for each of the three major phases of war: pre-conflict, armed violence and post-conflict. To the best of my knowledge, this has not been done before in the context of IB research.

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Section: Background To Understanding War and International Businessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 21mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Background To Understanding War and International Businessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploiting bullets: international business and the dynamics of war

Owens

2021

cpoib

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“…In essence, a war is a condition where a devastating fight (e.g., armed conflict, economic embargo) occurs between opposing forces of great influence (e.g., countries, groups of people), thereby impacting the continued manifestation in recent times (e.g., Iraq war, Syrian war), remains a rare occurrence in business research as compared to its counterparts such as traditional trade war involving economic sanction (e.g., China-United States; Mandrinos et al, 2022) or contemporary warfare involving a global pandemic (e.g., (Lim, 2021a) or a global agenda (e.g., climate change, poverty) (Lim, 2022). Noteworthily, existing research at the intersection of armed conflict and business is predominantly centered on wars prior to the new millennium (2000s), focusing on companies as inventors or producers of game-changing weaponry, war financing, and the taxation of war profits (Lakomaa, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is at stake in a war? A prospective evaluation of the Ukraine and Russia conflict for business and society

Lim

Chin

et al. 2022

Glob Bus Org Exc

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War produces devastating impacts on humankind, especially in terms of lives and livelihoods. While war is a widely studied topic in history, it remains relatively understudied in business. To address this gap, this article explores the impact of war for business and society. To do so, this article undertakes a prospective evaluation of the Ukraine and Russia conflict as a recent case of war. In doing so, this article reveals that a war can impact society within (e.g., limit access to basic necessities and monetary resources, increase unemployment and reduce purchasing power, and increase asylum seekers and refugees) and outside (e.g., supply shortage and inflation and threat of false information) as well as business within (e.g., threat of cyberattacks, threat to digital and sustainable growth, and shortterm and long-term sanctions and support) and outside (e.g., test of business ethics and moral obligations and test of brand management) war-torn countries. The article concludes with an agenda for future research involving war, business, and society.

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“…War also spurs economies-creating jobs and advancing science, especially in military operations. In short, war creates vast destruction but also big business (Lakomaa 2017;Hartung 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

People First, Data Second: A Humanitarian Research Framework for Fieldwork with Refugees by War Zones

Fisher

2022

Comput Supported Coop Work

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War begets crises that are among the most urgent areas requiring help from the international HCI/CSCW community; yet too few scientists address it using context-based, participatory field methods and by engaging in country and regionally based, longitudinal partnerships. Drawing on the author's ongoing eight-year engagement as a design ethnographer with UNHCR Jordan and region for the Syrian War, this paper discusses Humanitarian Research as a framework for guiding HCI/CSCW research in conflict zones with displaced persons. Based on the principle of "People First, Data Second," Humanitarian Research is explained with illustrative examples along with the nature of war and UNHCR's protection mandate, the research challenges and ethical roles of HCI scientists in conflict zones and how these roles entwine with refugee stakeholders, NGOs, country actors, and university IRBs.

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The history of business and war: introduction

Cited by 15 publications

References 30 publications

Exploiting bullets: international business and the dynamics of war

Exploiting bullets: international business and the dynamics of war

What is at stake in a war? A prospective evaluation of the Ukraine and Russia conflict for business and society

People First, Data Second: A Humanitarian Research Framework for Fieldwork with Refugees by War Zones

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