The History of Bioelectromagnetism

Bischof, Marco

doi:10.1142/9789814503822_0001

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…2,3 In France, the late 18th-century interest in the medical uses of electricity was contemporaneous with the introduction of acupuncture by Jesuit missionaries returning from China. 4,5 Use of electrical stimulation of needles, however, did not necessarily imply that the technique was informed by knowledge of Chinese or other East Asian theory. Early 20th-century British studies of electrical stimulation of acupuncture needles to treat sciatica describe needle placement as guided by sites of pain, with no mention of traditional Chinese practice.…”

Section: Brief History Of Ma and Eamentioning

confidence: 99%

Manual and Electrical Needle Stimulation in Acupuncture Research: Pitfalls and Challenges of Heterogeneity

Langevin

Schnyer

MacPherson

et al. 2015

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

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In the field of acupuncture research there is an implicit yet unexplored assumption that the evidence on manual and electrical stimulation techniques, derived from basic science studies, clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, is generally interchangeable. Such interchangeability would justify a bidirectional approach to acupuncture research, where basic science studies and clinical trials each inform the other. This article examines the validity of this fundamental assumption by critically reviewing the literature and comparing manual to electrical acupuncture in basic science studies, clinical trials, and meta-analyses. The evidence from this study does not support the assumption that these techniques are interchangeable. This article also identifies endemic methodologic limitations that have impaired progress in the field. For example, basic science studies have not matched the frequency and duration of manual needle stimulation to the frequency and duration of electrical stimulation. Further, most clinical trials purporting to compare the two types of stimulation have instead tested electroacupuncture as an adjunct to manual acupuncture. The current findings reveal fundamental gaps in the understanding of the mechanisms and relative effectiveness of manual versus electrical acupuncture. Finally, future research directions are suggested to better differentiate electrical from manual simulation, and implications for clinical practice are discussed.

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Section: Brief History Of Ma and Eamentioning

confidence: 99%

Manual and Electrical Needle Stimulation in Acupuncture Research: Pitfalls and Challenges of Heterogeneity

Langevin

Schnyer

MacPherson

et al. 2015

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

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“…It is acknowledged that the concept of the biofield, or any organizing field in biology, evokes shades of vitalism, an old philosophical concept that goes back to the 1600s (Bischof, 1994). Vitalism is the belief that life and organic substances differ fundamentally from the inorganic world because they contain a vital force.…”

Section: History Of Vitalistic Concepts In Science and Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

The Biofield Hypothesis: Its Biophysical Basis and Role in Medicine

Rubik

2002

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

305

271

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This paper provides a scientific foundation for the biofield: the complex, extremely weak electromagnetic field of the organism hypothesized to involve electromagnetic bioinformation for regulating homeodynamics. The biofield is a useful construct consistent with bioelectromagnetics and the physics of nonlinear, dynamical, nonequilibrium living systems. It offers a unifying hypothesis to explain the interaction of objects or fields with the organism, and is especially useful toward understanding the scientific basis of energy medicine, including acupuncture, biofield therapies, bioelectromagnetic therapies, and homeopathy. The rapid signal propagation of electromagnetic fields comprising the biofield as well as its holistic properties may account for the rapid, holistic effects of certain alternative and complementary medical interventions.

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“…Morphogenesis is the coming-into-being of living organisms (Coen, 2012). The electromagnetic fields and radiation play a leading role in morphogenesis (Renati, 2020;Bischof and Del Giudice, 2013;Levin, 2012;Rouleau and Dotta, 2014;Bischof, 1994). Goodwin (1987Goodwin ( , 2020 and Goodwin et al (1987) have argued strongly in their favor since the 1980s that they cannot be overlooked in biological operations.…”

Section: Biological or Morphogenetic Field: Evanescent Electromagneti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2022

WATER

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Evolutionary biologists are confused and divided, some even condemning their theories as just history or storytelling. They are confined to elaborative evolution while self-organization pervades biology. A quantum approach including self-organization and emergence as the physics of complex systems is essentially required, with water, a two-phase liquid, one phase of which is quantum coherent. These physical realities are instrumental for the evolution, even of the properties of an environmental stressor, through its turbulent serial dilution. Such dilution happens spontaneously in nature, and defying conventional wisdom, can cause even epigenetic and genomic effects. Electromagnetic potential and the phase can store information as biological agents. Homeopathy, incredibly, uses such dilutions as medicines. In this statistical, nondeterministic, and quantum mechanically elusive world, the real-life empirical observations of homeopathy are evidence of their biological effects. The proposed theory suggests that the environmental stressor is a more crucial driver of evolution than the organism or its genes, evolutionary products in themselves. Its four-dimensional geometrical template could evolve in the organism during its evolutionary history what it can now disturb in health or restore during sickness. Thus, directing selforganization through morphogenesis, such stressors turn-by-turn led the whole organism's evolution to adapt better. They gradually built up a critical state in the organism, followed by its rapid specification. Their random permutations led to biodiversity. Thus, this theory may cover evolution from its deep molecular interior, while contemporary theory covers its macroscopic exterior; these theories complement each other. This view finds an immediate test application in regenerative medicine and may lead to quantum medicine.

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The History of Bioelectromagnetism

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Manual and Electrical Needle Stimulation in Acupuncture Research: Pitfalls and Challenges of Heterogeneity

Manual and Electrical Needle Stimulation in Acupuncture Research: Pitfalls and Challenges of Heterogeneity

The Biofield Hypothesis: Its Biophysical Basis and Role in Medicine

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