The history of a farm–shieling system in the central Swedish forest region

Karlsson, Hanna; Emanuelsson, Marie; Segerström, Ulf

doi:10.1007/s00334-009-0231-9

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The field-and meadow system was based on a landscape duality of infield areas for cultivation of manured fields, and common outland areas with fall trap systems, tar and iron production, and livestock herding (Svensson 1998;Karlsson et al 2010). The field-and-meadow system in the Ängersjö parish was based on institutionalised use of commons.…”

Section: Tracing and Dismantling The Early Commonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Commoning in the periphery – The role of the commons for understanding rural continuities and change

2017

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This paper explores how commons reproduce over time and introduces the concept of commoning to discuss rural continuities and change. The point of departure is that commons are essential for local community development in that they have an important role for mediating social change and for local identity production. Through an ethnographic and historical study of a number of commons systems from the village of Ängersjö in the Midwest of Sweden, the paper argues for a more historically and socially grounded understanding of how commons evolve. The paper examines Ängersjö's commons within two broad historical time frames -the pre-industrial (4th to 20th century) and the post-industrial time periods (20th century to the present) -in order to understand commons, not just as arenas for resource extraction and resource struggles, but also as important contexts for identity formation, local mobilisation and for shaping rural change. The paper reveals how the commons have co-evolved with changes in society at large and how the meanings and functions of the commons have changed throughout history -from being important economic resources -to cultural and symbolic resources that have created new avenues for collective action.The role of the commons for understanding rural continuities and change 509

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Section: Tracing and Dismantling The Early Commonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1100 AD (Karlsson and Emanuelsson 2002). Karlsson et al (2010) also suggest that another essential reason for establishing shielings was to demonstrate control and claim rights to the commons in the outland areas.…”

Section: Tracing and Dismantling The Early Commonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commoning in the periphery – The role of the commons for understanding rural continuities and change

2017

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“…This evidence occurs mainly in the form of disturbance indicators, resulting from the gradual opening and alteration of the forest vegetation (40)(41)(42)(43). However, the region underwent more fundamental changes in agricultural practices after the medieval agrarian crisis.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Early land use and centennial scale changes in lake-water organic carbon prior to contemporary monitoring

Meyer-Jacob

Tolu

Bigler

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Organic carbon concentrations have increased in surface waters across parts of Europe and North America during the past decades, but the main drivers causing this phenomenon are still debated. A lack of observations beyond the last few decades inhibits a better mechanistic understanding of this process and thus a reliable prediction of future changes. Here we present past lake-water organic carbon trends inferred from sediment records across central Sweden that allow us to assess the observed increase on a centennial to millennial time scale. Our data show the recent increase in lake-water carbon but also that this increase was preceded by a landscape-wide, long-term decrease beginning already A.D. 1450-1600. Geochemical and biological proxies reveal that these dynamics coincided with an intensification of human catchment disturbance that decreased over the past century. Catchment disturbance was driven by the expansion and later cessation of widespread summer forest grazing and farming across central Scandinavia. Our findings demonstrate that early land use strongly affected past organic carbon dynamics and suggest that the influence of historical landscape utilization on contemporary changes in lake-water carbon levels has thus far been underestimated. We propose that past changes in land use are also a strong contributing factor in ongoing organic carbon trends in other regions that underwent similar comprehensive changes due to early cultivation and grazing over centuries to millennia.lake-water quality | carbon cycling | land use | Holocene | paleoecology O ver the past three decades, monitoring programs have recorded a widespread increase of organic carbon (OC) concentrations in surface waters in parts of Europe and North America (1-4). OC in lakes and rivers plays a major role in the global carbon cycle by transporting carbon from terrestrial to freshwater and marine environments (5), determining drinking water quality and associated treatment costs (6), and affecting aquatic ecosystem functioning. In aquatic ecosystems, OC influences energy mobilization, light conditions (7), water acidity (8), as well as the transport of metals and pollutants (9). The widespread occurrence of this increase in surface water OC, also referred to as browning or brownification due to an associated increase in color, suggests that regional rather than local factors are the drivers behind this phenomenon, but at present the underlying mechanisms are still controversial.Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this recent OC increase, from climate change to changes in anthropogenic forcing such as declining atmospheric acid deposition or alterations in landscape utilization. A number of climate-sensitive mechanisms have been suggested to cause an increase in OC export from the terrestrial to the aquatic environment; for example, increased temperatures enhance decomposition rates in organic-rich soils (10) and promote vegetation cover (11). Changes in the amount and timing of precipitation potentially lead to alteration...

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“…AD 100-500 (e.g. Karlsson et al 2010). Lindholm et al (2013) concluded that this cultural landscape has been generally overlooked, both from historical and biological viewpoints.…”

Section: Biological Cultural Traces In Forestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is biological cultural heritage and why should we care about it? An example from Swedish rural landscapes and forests

Eriksson¹

2018

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Citation: What is biological cultural heritage and why should we care about it? An example from Swedish rural landscapes and forests. Nature Conservation 28: 1-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.28.25067 AbstractThere is currently a growing concern that biocultural heritage is threatened in many landscapes. This paper focuses on biological cultural heritage, broadly meaning biological cultural traces that are considered as heritage, but leaving out other aspects of the biocultural heritage concept. An operational definition of biological cultural heritage (BCH) is suggested, based on niche construction theory: "biological manifestations of culture, reflecting indirect or intentional effects, or domesticated landscapes, resulting from historical human niche construction". Some factors that influence recognition of BCH are discussed, using a comparison between Swedish open to semi-open vs. forested landscapes. While the former landscapes are generally associated with biological cultural values, BCH is generally over-looked in forests. Two main reasons for this are suggested: loss of cultural memory and a perception of forests as wilderness. A conclusion is that recognition of BCH is essential for guiding development of biological conservation programmes in forests, irrespective of whether the conservation goal is to focus on culturally impacted forests or to conserve what is considered as close to pristine forests. Furthermore, recognising BCH in forests will promote interest and learning of the history of forests and their values and will be informative for developing conservation programmes for all biota in forests, not only those that historically were favoured by culture. Hence, there is no inherent conflict between preserving relatively untouched forests and those with remaining traces of pre-industrial forest management. The recognition of BCH in forests will inspire and promote further integration of cultural and natural heritage research. Keywords REVIEW ARTICLE Launched to accelerate biodiversity conservation A peer-reviewed open-access journalOve Eriksson / Nature Conservation 28: 1-32 (2018) 2

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The history of a farm–shieling system in the central Swedish forest region

Cited by 22 publications

References 15 publications

Commoning in the periphery – The role of the commons for understanding rural continuities and change

Commoning in the periphery – The role of the commons for understanding rural continuities and change

Early land use and centennial scale changes in lake-water organic carbon prior to contemporary monitoring

What is biological cultural heritage and why should we care about it? An example from Swedish rural landscapes and forests

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