The history, design, fabrication and performance of CdS thin film solar cells

Shirland, F. A.

doi:10.1016/0365-1789(66)90016-6

Cited by 139 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The series resistances (R s ) can be derived from the slope of the J-V curve of a solar cell [17] . The results show that the devices with MoO 3 layer have an approximate R s around 40 /cm 2 and 50 /cm 2 in 72 h, respectively.…”

Section: Fig3 Performances Of Conventional and Inverted Solar Cells mentioning

confidence: 99%

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An air-stable inverted photovoltaic device using ZnO as the electron selective layer and MoO3 as the blocking layer

Song

Qin

Ding

et al. 2011

Optoelectron. Lett.

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An air-stable photovoltaic device based on znic oxide nanoparticles (ZNP) in an inverted structure of indium tin oxide (ITO)/ZnO/poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT): [6,6]-phenyl C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)/MoO 3 /Ag is studied. We find that the optimum thickness of the MoO 3 layer is 2 nm. When the MoO 3 blocking layer is introduced, the fill factor of the devices is increased from 29% to 40%, the power conversion efficiency is directly promoted from 0.35% to 1.27%.The stability under ambient conditions of this inverted structure device much is better due to the improved stability at the polymer/Ag interface. The enhancement is attributed to the high carriers mobility and suitable band gap of MoO 3 layer.Organic solar cells (OSCs) have been deeply investigated recently due to their commercial applications and simple methods of preparation by coating and printing methods [1, 2] , The conventional solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) with power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4%-5% have been reported [3][4][5] . But without encapsulation, these devices always exhibit poor lifetimes, because acidic polymer layer which included ploy (3,4-ethlendioxythiophene):poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) can react with metal electrode and alter its properties. In addition, the cathode with low work function is oxidized easily by oxygen and moisture in air [6][7][8] .According to the problems, the inverted organic solar cells (inverted-OSCs), in which the positions of the anode and cathode are reversed, have been demonstrated [9,10] . The devices can be used in air stably, and use the high work function metal as electrode and the metal oxide (TiO 2 , ZnO) as the electron acceptors at the ITO side. The inverted-OSCs have many advantages, such as higher stability and more convenient preparation. In addition, the higher concentration of acceptors balances the rate of diffusion of holes and electrons, which can give a promising route to improve the efficiency [9][10][11] .Recently, zinc oxide (ZnO) as the electron selective or hole blocking layer has been introduced into OSC devices because of its high electron mobility and facile synthesis. The morphology of ZnO has also been modified from a thin film to nano-ridges by controlling the annealing process [12,13] .However, the performance of inverted-OSCs is still restricted by architecture. For example, the PEDOT:PSS layers are demonstrated to reduce the diffusion of oxygen to the active layer effectively, but it degrades the performance of the device due to chemical reaction with metal electrode. Some reports have shown that MoO 3 can be used as the hole selective layer, so to deposite a MoO 3 layer before anode metal may improve the stability of the interface [14][15][16] .The ZnO-based inverted solar cells are fabricated, and MoO 3 lavers with different thicknesses deposited to achieve the optimum performance of the devices. The air stability of the inverted devices are compared with that of the conventi...

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Section: Fig3 Performances Of Conventional and Inverted Solar Cells mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ZnO nanoparticle films are fabricated by sol-gel process in the air. The precursor solution, consisting of 0.75 M zinc acetate dihydrate and 0.75 M monoethanolamine in 2-methoxyethanol, is first spun-coated onto ITO substrates at 2000 r/m for 40 s [17] . Then, the substrates are immediately placed onto a hot plate, which is preheated at 275 o C for 5 min.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An air-stable inverted photovoltaic device using ZnO as the electron selective layer and MoO3 as the blocking layer

Song

Qin

Ding

et al. 2011

Optoelectron. Lett.

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“…[54] Another approach for extracting R s is often used by taking the slope of the J-V curve at high cell voltages (e.g., 2 V). [55] However, since organic semiconductor mobilities are often dependent on cell voltage, [56] it is preferable to extract R s near actual operating voltages. Fitting Equation 3 enables this, and thus this approach should be a more accurate means of determining R s .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency Enhancement in Organic Photovoltaic Cells: Consequences of Optimizing Series Resistance

Servaites

Yeganeh

Marks

et al. 2009

Adv Funct Materials

266

172

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Here, means to enhance power conversion efficiency (PCE or η) in bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells by optimizing the series resistance (Rs)—also known as the cell internal resistance—are studied. It is shown that current state‐of‐the‐art BHJ OPVs are approaching the limit for which efficiency can be improved via Rs reduction alone. This evaluation addresses OPVs based on a poly(3‐hexylthiophene):6,6‐phenyl C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) active layer, as well as future high‐efficiency OPVs (η > 10%). A diode‐based modeling approach is used to assess changes in Rs. Given that typical published P3HT:PCBM test cells have relatively small areas (∼0.1 cm2), the analysis is extended to consider efficiency losses for larger area cells and shows that the transparent anode conductivity is then the dominant materials parameter affecting Rs efficiency losses. A model is developed that uses cell sizes and anode conductivities to predict current–voltage response as a function of resistive losses. The results show that the losses due to Rs remain minimal until relatively large cell areas (>0.1 cm2) are employed. Finally, Rs effects on a projected high‐efficiency OPV scenario are assessed, based on the goal of cell efficiencies >10%. Here, Rs optimization effects remain modest; however, there are now more pronounced losses due to cell size, and it is shown how these losses can be mitigated by using higher conductivity anodes.

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“…Cu S wird fur die Herstellung von Strukturen benutzt, die einen photovoltaischen 2 Effekt (1) (Fig. 2, Kurve 2 …”

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Elektrische und optische Eigenschaften von Cu₂S‐Aufdampfschichten

Selle¹,

Maege²

1968

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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The history, design, fabrication and performance of CdS thin film solar cells

Cited by 139 publications

References 9 publications

An air-stable inverted photovoltaic device using ZnO as the electron selective layer and MoO3 as the blocking layer

An air-stable inverted photovoltaic device using ZnO as the electron selective layer and MoO3 as the blocking layer

Efficiency Enhancement in Organic Photovoltaic Cells: Consequences of Optimizing Series Resistance

Elektrische und optische Eigenschaften von Cu₂S‐Aufdampfschichten

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The history, design, fabrication and performance of CdS thin film solar cells

Cited by 139 publications

References 9 publications

An air-stable inverted photovoltaic device using ZnO as the electron selective layer and MoO3 as the blocking layer

An air-stable inverted photovoltaic device using ZnO as the electron selective layer and MoO3 as the blocking layer

Efficiency Enhancement in Organic Photovoltaic Cells: Consequences of Optimizing Series Resistance

Elektrische und optische Eigenschaften von Cu2S‐Aufdampfschichten

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Elektrische und optische Eigenschaften von Cu₂S‐Aufdampfschichten