The history and impact of HIV&amp;AIDS. A decade of INDEPTH research

Sankoh, Osman; Arthur, Samuelina S.; Nyide, Bongiwe; Weston, Mark

doi:10.1016/j.hivar.2014.05.002

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and is transmitted mainly by unprotected sexual intercourse or use of unclean syringes [126].…”

Section: Immunosensors For Detection Of Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunosensors

Cristea¹,

Florea²,

Tertiş³

et al. 2015

Biosensors - Micro and Nanoscale Applications

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Immunosensors are solid-state devices in which the immunochemical reaction is coupled to a transducer. They form one of the most important classes of affinity biosensors based on the specific recognition of antigens by antibodies to form a stable complex, in a similar way to immunoassay. Depending on the type of transducer there are four types of immunosensor: electrochemical, optical, microgravimetric and thermometric. The most commonly used bioelements for the development of electrochemical immunosensors are antibodies (Ab), followed by aptamers (Apt) and, in the last five years, microRNA (miRNA). In order to perform an early diagnosis, a method that is able to measure peptides and proteins directly in a sample, without any sample pre-treatment or any separation, is preferred. This direct detection can be performed with methods making use of the specific interaction of proteins with Ab, Apt and miRNA. The recent developments made in the immunosensor field, regarding the incorporation of nanomaterials for increased sensitivity, multiplexing or microfluidic-based devices, may have potential for promising use in industry and clinical analysis. Some examples of assays for several commercially available biomarkers will be presented. The main application fields, beside biomedical analysis, are drug abuse control, food analysis and environmental analysis.

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“…Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and is transmitted mainly by unprotected sexual intercourse or use of unclean syringes [126].…”

Section: Immunosensors For Detection Of Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunosensors

Cristea¹,

Florea²,

Tertiş³

et al. 2015

Biosensors - Micro and Nanoscale Applications

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“…Studies from the mid-1980s in Africa found that heterosexuals of both sexes in Zaire (now The Democratic Republic of Congo) [ 2 ] and Rwanda [ 3 ] were affected. Detailed overviews of the development of the HIV epidemic in Africa have been described elsewhere and reinforce the interplay between disease, culture and society [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of a localised HIV epidemic and the associated excess mortality burden in a rural area of South Africa

Mee

Kahn

Kabudula

et al. 2016

Glob. Health Epidemiol.

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The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in South Africa rapidly developed into a major pandemic. Here we analyse the development of the epidemic in a rural area of the country. The data used were collected between 1992 and 2013 in a longitudinal population survey, the Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance Study, in the northeast of the country. Throughout the period of study mortality rates were similar in all villages, suggesting that there were multiple index cases evenly spread geographically. These were likely to have been returning migrant workers. For those aged below 39 years the HIV mortality rate was higher for women, above this age it was higher for men. This indicates the protective effect of greater access to HIV testing and treatment among older women. The recent convergence of mortality rates for Mozambicans and South Africans indicates that the former refugee population are being assimilated into the host community. More than 60% of the deaths occurring in this community between 1992 and 2013 could be attributed directly or indirectly to HIV. Recently there has been an increasing level of non-HIV mortality which has important implications for local healthcare provision. This study demonstrates how evidence from longitudinal analyses can support healthcare planning.

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“…Together with HIV treatment cohorts, Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems (HDSS) have made important contributions to our understanding of the HIV epidemic and the impact of interventions against it (1–3). This article discusses innovations in data collection in HDSS to create novel opportunities to generate data on the HIV treatment cascade and to establish the causal impacts of policies and interventions intended to improve progression through the cascade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To establish causal relationships related to the HIV treatment cascade, the following are needed: (1) data on cascade exposures and outcomes, (2) the ability to link these exposure and outcome data within relevant units of observation, and (3) data structures and approaches sufficient for causal inference. Here, we focus on innovations in building the data infrastructure to enable causal analyses of the HIV treatment cascade using health systems and routine treatment cohort data; Bor et al’s article in this issue focuses on novel analytical approaches to establish causality in quasi-experimental studies of interventions to improve the HIV treatment cascade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovations in health and demographic surveillance systems to establish the causal impacts of HIV policies

Herbst

Law²,

Geldsetzer

et al. 2015

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS

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Purpose of Review Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems (HDSS), in conjunction with HIV treatment cohorts, have made important contributions to our understanding of the impact of HIV treatment and treatment-related interventions in sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of this review is to describe and discuss innovations in data collection and data linkage that will create new opportunities to establish the impacts of HIV treatment, as well as policies affecting the treatment cascade, on population health, economic and social outcomes. Recent Findings Novel approaches to routine collection of (i) biomarkers, (ii) behavioural data, (iii) spatial data, (iv) social network information, (v) migration events and (vi) mobile phone records can significantly strengthen the potential of HDSS to generate exposure and outcome data for causal analysis of HIV treatment impact and policies affecting the HIV treatment cascade. Additionally, by linking HDSS data to health service administration, education, and welfare service records, researchers can substantial broaden opportunities to establish how HIV treatment affects health and economic outcomes, when delivered through public-sector health systems and at scale. Summary As the HIV treatment scale-up in sub-Saharan Africa enters its second decade, it is becoming increasingly important to understand the long-term causal impacts of large-scale HIV treatment and related policies on broader population health outcomes, such as non-communicable diseases, as well as on economic and social outcomes, such as family welfare and children’s educational attainment. By collecting novel data and linking existing data to public-sector records, HDSS can create near-unique opportunities to contribute to this research agenda.

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The history and impact of HIV&AIDS. A decade of INDEPTH research

Cited by 6 publications

References 70 publications

Immunosensors

Immunosensors

The development of a localised HIV epidemic and the associated excess mortality burden in a rural area of South Africa

Innovations in health and demographic surveillance systems to establish the causal impacts of HIV policies

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