The history and evolution of Maize

Goodman, M. M.; Galinat, Walton C.

doi:10.1080/07352688809382264

Cited by 57 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…IntRoduccIón E l cultivo de maíz sigue siendo uno de los alimentos básicos para los habitantes de México. Es una de las principales especies que forman parte del complejo sistema tradicional de la milpa que ha sido manejado ancestralmente por los pueblos indígenas y campesinos de Mesoamérica, y del que existe evidencia histórica y registro de la trascendencia sociocultural, económica y ambiental (Goodman and Galinat, 1988;Brush and Perales, 2007; Schwartz and Corzo, 2015, entre otros). Este agroecosistema tradicional también se encuentra estrechamente relacionado con la diversidad biocultural de los sistemas agroforestales que se han desarrollado en distintos contextos culturales y ecológicos del área Mesoamé-ricana donde coexisten formas de apropiación y aprovechamiento de las especies de cultivo que crecen en la milpa y que han servido de alimentación, además de otros múltiples propósitos de las familias rurales en el transcurso del tiempo (Aguilar et al, 2003;Lara et al, 2012;Moreno-Calles et al, 2013;Fernández et al, 2013).…”

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“…It is one of the main species that make up the complex traditional system of the milpa that has been managed ancestrally by the indigenous and peasant peoples of Mesoamerica, and about which there is historical evidence and records the sociocultural, economic and environmental transcendence (Goodman and Galinat, 1988;Brush and Perales, 2007;Schwartz and Corzo, 2015, among others). This traditional agroecosystem is also closely linked to the biocultural diversity of agroforestry systems that have developed under different cultural and ecological contexts of the Mesoamerican area where forms of appropriation and exploitation of cultivation species that grow in the milpa coexist, and which have served as food in addition to multiple other purposes for the rural families throughout time (Aguilar et al, 2003;Lara et al, 2012;Moreno-Calles et al, 2013;Fernández et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Situación de la agricultura de mayos y mestizos del norte de Sinaloa, México.

Ponce

Vega

Torres

et al. 2017

ASYD

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ResumenEn la localidad de Jahuara II se realizó una investigación mixta, con el objetivo de sistematizar y comparar información ambiental, social, cultural y económica de la agricultura de maíz, que tradicionalmente practican agricultores indígenas mayos y mestizos. La metodología incluyó revisión documental, observación participante, entrevistas y encuestas con un muestreo intencional a 53 ejidatarios entre 49 y 80 años. La interpretación de datos ambientales señala que las limitantes para la producción de maíz son la escasa precipitación y las bajas temperaturas. En lo sociocultural, ambos grupos conservan elementos de su identidad asociadas al conocimiento agrícola. Tecnológicamente practican una agricultura comercial y similar en sus componentes; sin embargo, la semilla criolla de maíz es más empleada por los mayos, quienes comparativamente con los mestizos obtuvieron rendimientos ligeramente mayores en riego, como de temporal. En lo económico existe una relación costo/beneficio promedio favorable en ambos grupos de agricultores, aunque los costos de producción por hectárea sembrada son elevados en ambos casos. Los mayos han perdido terrenos de cultivo por razones socioeconómicas, han dejado de sembrar superficies de maíz criollo y han abandonado prácticas tradicionales. La erosión del conocimiento de la agricultura indígena se observa en la posible extinción de la diversidad de los maíces criollos de la región, situación que impacta el patrimonio biocultural de los mayos y mestizos. Es urgente valorar los conocimientos ancestrales del manejo de la agricultura, cuyo potencial gené-tico es reconocido por los centros de investigación agrícola y significan una expectativa favorable de estudio para enfrontar la problemática climática regional. AbstRActA mixed study was carried out in the locality of Jahuara II, with the objective of systematizing and comparing environmental, social, cultural and economic information about maize agriculture, which is practiced traditionally by Mayo and Mestizo indigenous farmers. The methodology included documentary review, participant observation, and interviews and surveys with intentional sampling with 53 ejidatarios of 49 to 80 years old. The interpretation of environmental data suggests that the limitations for maize production are scarce rainfall and low temperatures. In sociocultural terms, both groups conserve elements of their identity associated to agricultural knowledge. Technologically, they practice a commercial agriculture and similar in its components; however, Creole maize seed is used more by Mayos, who compared to the Mestizos obtained slightly higher yields both with irrigation and rainfed. Economically, there is a favorable cost/benefit relationship average in both groups of farmers, although the production costs per hectare sown are high in both cases. The Mayos have lost cultivation lands because of socioeconomic reasons, they have ceased to cultivate surfaces of Creole maize, and have abandoned traditional practices. The erosion of knowledge about indigenou...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Situación de la agricultura de mayos y mestizos del norte de Sinaloa, México.

Ponce

Vega

Torres

et al. 2017

ASYD

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“…mays) has been the subject of intense debate (1,2). In recent years, a large body of evidence has accumulated that supports the hypothesis that maize is a domesticated form of teosinte (Zea species) (3)(4)(5), and few authors still question this view (6). Biosystematic evidence indicates that the Mexican annual teosintes, Z. mays ssp.…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic and morphological analysis of a maize-teosinte F2 population: implications for the origin of maize.

Doebley

Stec

Wendel

et al. 1990

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

285

152

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Genes controlling the dramatic morphological differences between maize and its presumed progenitor (teosinte) were investigated in a maize-teosinte F2 population through the use of molecular markers. Results indicate that the key traits differentiating maize and teosinte are each under multigenic control, although for some traits, such as the number of ranks of cupules, the data are consistent with a mode of inheritance that would involve a single major locus plus several modifiers. For other traits, such as the presence/absence of the pedicellate spikelet, the data indicate multigenic inheritance with no single locus having a dramatically larger effect than the others. Results also indicate that the tunicate locus (Tu) had no major role in the origin of maize, despite previous opinion that it was involved. The major loci affecting the morphological differences between maize and teosinte are located on the first four chromosomes. The data suggest that the differences between teosinte and maize involve, in part, developmental modifications that enable (i) primary lateral inflorescences, which are programmed to develop into tassels (male) in teosinte, to become ears (female) in maize, and (ii) the expression of male secondary sex traits on a female background in maize. Similar changes were likely involved in the origin of maize.

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“…parviglumis), likely evolved photoperiod sensitivity to synchronize its reproductive phases to the wetter, short-day growing season (Ribaut et al 1996;Campos et al 2006). A critical event in the postdomestication evolution of maize was its spread from tropical to temperate regions of the Americas (Goodman 1988), requiring adaptation to longer day lengths. The result of this adaptation process is manifested today as a major genetic differentiation between temperate and tropical maize (Liu et al 2003) and substantially reduced photoperiod sensitivity of temperate maize (Gouesnard et al 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic Control of Photoperiod Sensitivity in Maize Revealed by Joint Multiple Population Analysis

et al. 2010

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Variation in maize for response to photoperiod is related to geographical adaptation in the species. Maize possesses homologs of many genes identified as regulators of flowering time in other species, but their relation to the natural variation for photoperiod response in maize is unknown. Candidate gene sequences were mapped in four populations created by crossing two temperate inbred lines to two photoperiod-sensitive tropical inbreds. Whole-genome scans were conducted by high-density genotyping of the populations, which were phenotyped over 3 years in both short-and long-day environments. Joint multiple population analysis identified genomic regions controlling photoperiod responses in flowering time, plant height, and total leaf number. Four key genome regions controlling photoperiod response across populations were identified, referred to as ZmPR1-4. Functional allelic differences within these regions among phenotypically similar founders suggest distinct evolutionary trajectories for photoperiod adaptation in maize. These regions encompass candidate genes CCA/LHY, CONZ1, CRY2, ELF4, GHD7, VGT1, HY1/SE5, TOC1/PRR7/PPD-1, PIF3, ZCN8, and ZCN19.

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The history and evolution of Maize

Cited by 57 publications

References 90 publications

Situación de la agricultura de mayos y mestizos del norte de Sinaloa, México.

Situación de la agricultura de mayos y mestizos del norte de Sinaloa, México.

Genetic and morphological analysis of a maize-teosinte F2 population: implications for the origin of maize.

Genetic Control of Photoperiod Sensitivity in Maize Revealed by Joint Multiple Population Analysis

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