The History and Development of Nylon-66

Kohan, Melvin I.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-7073-4_3

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Commentary on most monomer syntheses can be found in [5][6][7]19]. The diamine for PA 46 is made via the addition of hydrogen cyanide to acrylonitrile [124].…”

Section: Commercial Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polyamides

Herzog¹,

Kohan²,

Mestemacher³

et al. 2013

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Nomenclature 3. General Considerations in Polyamidation 3.1. Molecular Mass 3.2. Equilibrium and Rate Constants 3.3. Effects of Monomer Structure 3.4. Amide Interchange 3.5. Structure‐Property Considerations 4. Other Polymerization Techniques 4.1. Variants of Hydrolytic Polymerization 4.2. Interfacial and Solution Polymerization 4.3. Ionic Polymerization 4.4. Solid‐Phase Polymerization 5. Commercial Processes 5.1. PA 46 5.2. PA 66 5.2.1. Batch Production 5.2.2. Continuous Production 5.3. Other AABB‐Polyamides 5.4. PA 6 5.5. PA 11 5.6. PA 12 6. Properties 6.1. Properties of Unmodified Polyamides 6.2. Copolymerization 6.3. Modification by Additives 6.3.1. Filled and Reinforced Polyamides 6.3.2. Blends and Alloys 6.3.3. Flame‐Retardant Polyamides 6.3.4. Conductive Polyamides 6.3.5. Other Formulations 7. Processing 8. Uses 9. Ecological Aspects and Toxicology 9.1. Recycling 9.2. Polyamide Monomers 9.3. Other Aspects 10. Economic Aspects

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“…Commentary on most monomer syntheses can be found in [5][6][7]19]. The diamine for PA 46 is made via the addition of hydrogen cyanide to acrylonitrile [124].…”

Section: Commercial Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The other principal commercially important polyamide, nylon 6, based on polycaprolactam, was first made at IG Farbenindustrie in Germany by P. SCHLACK in 1938, who was issued a patent in 1941 [4]. The history of these nylons and those made from 11-aminoundecanoic acid and dodecanolactam were reviewed in 1986 [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyamides

Herzog¹,

Kohan²,

Mestemacher³

et al. 2013

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

Self Cite

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“…Polyamide (PA) 66, first reported in 1935, is a synthetic polymer that has gained widespread usage in various industries including automotive, electrical and electronics, machinery, and medical fields owing to its excellent performance, such as superior chemical resistance, high thermal stability, strong mechanical strength, and ease of processing [ 1 ]. The continued development and versatility of PA66 have firmly established it as a cornerstone in the engineering of plastics [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Intrinsically Transparent Polyamide Film with Superior Toughness and Great Optical Performance

Li,

Yi,

Wang

et al. 2024

Polymers

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Polyamide 66 was extensively utilized in various applications contributed by its excellent mechanical performance and outstanding durability. However, its high crystallinity renders it to have low transparency, which seriously limits its application in optical devices. Herein, a highly transparent polyamide (PA) 66-based copolymer was reported using 4,4′-diaminodicyclohexylmethane (PACM), adipic acid, and polyamide 66 salt as the reaction monomers. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) analysis revealed that the crystal phase of the synthesized PA66/PACM6 displayed a clear transition from α to γ as the PACM6 increased accompanied by a decreased intensity in the diffraction peak of the copolymer, whose transmittance was successfully adjusted reaching as high as 92.5% (at 550 nm) when the PACM6 was 40 wt%. Moreover, the copolymer with a higher content of PACM6 exhibited larger toughness. On the other hand, the biaxially oriented films of PA66/PACM6 (20 wt%) were also prepared, and it was found that the transparency of the PA66/PACM6 copolymer could be further enhanced via adjusting the stretching ratio of the film. Furthermore, the mechanical strength of the biaxially oriented PA66/PACM6 was also improved with the increase in the orientation degree in the stretching process, indicating that the physical properties of the transparent PA66 were significantly influenced by its alicyclic structure, and the introduction of PACM into PA66 was capable of effectively improving the optical and crystalline characteristics of PA66, revealing that the synthetic strategy has great potential for guiding the design and development of transparent polyamide materials.

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“…These materials were chosen because they have similar high polymer physical properties , but are made by different chemical mechanisms, which have distinct impacts on experimental setup, facility of polymerization, and resulting material properties. , The preparation of polyamides by interfacial polymerization (the “Nylon Rope Trick”) is a classic organic lab experiment, , but a head-to-head comparison of different polyamide synthetic methods has not been previously reported. Polymerization mechanisms are broken into two categories: step growth and chain growth .…”

Section: Introduction: Significance and Relevance Of Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Ways to Polyamides: The Impact of Polymerization Mechanism on Polymer Properties

Sterner

2019

J. Chem. Educ.

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Polymer chemistry lab experiments present a unique opportunity to allow students to experience the consequences of reaction mechanisms on the properties of the resulting product. In this organic chemistry experiment, students prepared a polyamide by three different reaction mechanisms that represent step-growth and chain-growth methods of polymerization: melt polycondensation of an amine and a carboxylic acid, interfacial polymerization of an amine and an acid chloride, and ring-opening polymerization of a lactam. Characterizing the polymers by both FTIR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry requires students to consider how the choice of mechanism affects conversion of monomer to polymer, the resulting crystallinity of that polymer, and the challenges that must be overcome when setting up and executing the polymerization procedure.

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The History and Development of Nylon-66

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Polyamides

Polyamides

An Intrinsically Transparent Polyamide Film with Superior Toughness and Great Optical Performance

Three Ways to Polyamides: The Impact of Polymerization Mechanism on Polymer Properties

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