PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the background to Chinese libraries and the general development and new trends in document supply in China.Design/methodology/approachThe service operation, copyright protection and management mechanisms of document supply in China are described. New challenges to it and the responses are also identified.FindingsThe role of document supply in China is recognized as important and is developing rapidly as economic constraints on purchasing increase.Originality/valueThe paper will be of interest to all document supply librarians interested in developments in China.