The History and Biology of Marek’s Disease Virus

Biggs, P. M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-56863-3_1

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Marek's disease is a lymphoproliferative disease in domestic chickens caused by a highly oncogenic, cell-associated alpha-herpesvirus termed Marek's disease virus (MDV) [1]. MDV infection in chicken induced T-cell lymphomas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional Analysis of Host Responses to Marek's Disease Virus Infection in Chicken Thymus

Qin²,

et al. 2015

Intervirology

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Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a cell-associated alpha-herpesvirus that causes T-cell lymphomas and nervous disorders in chickens. Different from other lymphoid organs, the thymus is the site of T-cell maturation and differentiation. However, the transcriptional response to MDV infection in the chicken thymus is still not known. In this study, we performed genome-wide expression analysis in thymus tissues of RB1B-infected chickens at different time points to investigate the molecular mechanisms of MDV pathogenesis. The number of differentially expressed genes with 2-fold or higher changes (>2) are as follows: 1,250 genes (7 dpi), 834 genes (14 dpi), 1,958 genes (21 dpi), and 2,306 genes (28 dpi). Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that the upregulated genes were involved in immune and inflammatory response at 7 dpi; angiogenesis, cytoskeleton organization, cell adhesion, and signal transduction showed different expressions at 21 and 28 dpi. The expression pattern of 18 randomly selected genes was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. Several differently expressed host genes associated with tumor development are discussed. We identified the global host-gene expression pattern in the thymus of chickens that responded to MDV infection. The present data may provide groundwork for future investigation in the biology and pathogenesis of MDV.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional Analysis of Host Responses to Marek's Disease Virus Infection in Chicken Thymus

Qin²,

et al. 2015

Intervirology

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“…Marek's disease (MD) is a contagious lymphoproliferative disorder of chickens and has been identified as a major cause of poultry mortality in many countries since its description as polyneuritis by Josef Marek in 1907 [1]. The causative agent of MD is an avidly cell-associated alphaherpesvirus called gallid herpesvirus type 2 (GaHV-2), commonly called Marek's disease virus type 1 (MDV-1) [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serotype 2 (MDV-2) or gallid herpesvirus 3 (GaHV-3) is the non-oncogenic type which is used along with serotype 3 (MDV-3) in bivalent vaccine formulations. Confusingly, MDV-3 is really a herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) and is currently called meleagrid herpesvirus type 1 (MeHV-1) [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative genomic sequence analysis of the Marek’s disease vaccine strain SB-1

Spatz

Schat

2011

Virus Genes

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Marek's disease virus (MDV), an oncogenic alphaherpesvirus, induces a rapid onset T-cell lymphoma and demyelinating disease in chickens. Since the 1970s the disease has been controlled through mass vaccination with herpesvirus of turkeys [meleagrid herpesvirus type 1 (MeHV-1)]. Over time this vaccine's efficacy decreased, and in the 1980s a bivalent vaccine consisting of MeHV-1 and a non-oncogenic gallid herpesvirus type 3 (GaHV-3) strain known as SB-1 was introduced. The complete DNA sequence (165,994 bp) of this GaHV-3 strain was determined using 454 pyrosequencing. A total of 524 open reading frames (ORFs) were examined for homology to protein sequences present in GenBank using BLAST (E-values <0.9). Of the 128 ORF hits, 75 ORFs showed homology to well-characterized alphaherpesviral proteins. Phylogenetically, this strain partitions in its own branch along with the GaHV-3 strain HPRS24 and shows more relatedness to MeHV-1 than gallid herpesvirus type 2 (GaHV-2, Marek's disease virus). When comparing the GaHV-3 ORFs to their homologues in MeHV-1 and GaHV-2, a greater percentage of amino acid similarity was found with homologous ORFs in the genome of SB-1 than with those in the HPRS24 genome. Overall, twice as many of the 75 ORFs within the SB-1 genome showed greater sequence identities and similarities to homologous ORFs in the Marek's disease genome than those within the HPRS24 genome. This paper describes the sequence difference between the two GaHV-3 genomes. Overall 19 ORFs differ in the number of predicted amino acids; of these, eight (U(L)3.5, U(L)5, U(L)9, U(L)28, U(L)30, U(L)36, U(L)37, and U(L)50) encode well-characterized alphaherpesviral proteins A sequence within the unique short region of the SB-1 genome exhibited significant sequence homology to long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences of avian retroviruses. This sequence was only found in the SB-1 genome and not the HPRS24 genome.

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“…The loss from MD has been estimated at approximately 1 to 2 billion dollars per year worldwide (Purchase, 1985;Morrow and Fehler, 2004). Several vaccines [Rispens (Rispens et al, 1972), Mdll/75C (Liu and Lee, 1983), SB1 (Schat and Calnek, 1978), and HVT (Okazaki et al, 1970)] have been used to effectively combat MD since the late 1960s, but the virus has become resistant to many of them.. Outbreaks in vaccinated chickens resulted in the need to use new vaccines (Biggs, 2001). As MD becomes resistant to more vaccines, it will be difficult to find effective vaccines to prevent outbreaks.…”

Section: Marek's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…MD is a lymphoproliferative disease caused by a herpes virus (Biggs, 2001). Initial infection occurs when a chicken inhales cell free Marek's disease virus (MDV), which can occur as a result of being in close approximation to an infected bird.…”

Section: Marek's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping quantitative trait loci for economic traits in chickens

McElroy

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All rights reserved. INFORMATION TO USERSThe quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction.In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Table 1 Table 2 CHAPTER 2B Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Significant QTL detected at the 5% chromosome-wise 58Level Table 1 False positive rates for the linear regression and Cox's 117proportional hazards models ABSTRACTIdentification of genomic regions harboring genes affecting economic traits is the primary step for the improvement of agricultural species through marker-assisted selection. Many important traits are difficult and expensive to measure, and, thus, selection can be improved by selecting directly upon genomic regions affecting these traits (QTL). White meat percentage (WM%) and Marek's disease (MD) resistance are examples of important traits in commercial chickens. One objective of the research presented herein was to identify QTL affecting WM%, other growth-related traits, and MD resistance. Another objective was to compare statistical models for identifying these QTL. Data (phenotypes and genetic markers) on an F2 broiler (meat-type chicken) cross were analyzed using half-sib, line cross, combined, and parent of origin models to identify QTL affecting WM% and other growth related traits. Sixty-eight QTL were identified at the 5% chromosome-wise level, including six QTL affecting WM% and 20 putative imprinted QTL. The use of multiple segregation and expression models proved to be beneficial for identifying QTL. A commercial egg-layer backcross was used to identify QTL affecting MD resistance based on marker genotypes of long and short survivors (selective genotyping). Seventeen markers associated with MD survival were identified at P < 0.10 using linear regression (LR) and Cox proportional hazards (CPH) models. Using simulated data reflecting the MD virus-challenged population, analyses using LR, CPH, and Weibull models were compared. Little difference in power was found between the CPH and the LR model when few individuals survived to the end of the experimental period (low censoring) and when all or selected individuals were genotyped. The simulated data did not follow a Weibull distribution, and thus the Weibull model generally resulted in less power than the other two models. The LR model was recommended for analyzing survival data when the amount of censoring is low because of the ease of implementation of the model and interpretation of estimates. Including nongenotyped individuals in the selective genotyping analysis increased power, but resulted in LR having an inflated false positive rate. The QTL identified in this research can be an integral step for the improvement...

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The History and Biology of Marek’s Disease Virus

Cited by 32 publications

References 90 publications

Transcriptional Analysis of Host Responses to Marek's Disease Virus Infection in Chicken Thymus

Transcriptional Analysis of Host Responses to Marek's Disease Virus Infection in Chicken Thymus

Comparative genomic sequence analysis of the Marek’s disease vaccine strain SB-1

Mapping quantitative trait loci for economic traits in chickens

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