The Historical Jesus of the Gospels – By Craig S. Keener

Orienting asymmetries and physiological reactivity in dogs’ response to human emotional faces

“…a snake silhouette; Siniscalchi, Sasso, Pepe, Vallortigara, & Quaranta, 2010). Overall, physiological response support the hypothesis that dogs are sensitive to emotional cues conveyed by both human vocalizations and odours, since a high cardiac activity was recorded in response to clear arousal stimuli (Siniscalchi et al, 2016(Siniscalchi et al, , 2018.…”

“…Cardiac activity The heart rate response to the stimuli presentation was evaluated following the procedures and the analysis previously described in Siniscalchi et al (2016) and Siniscalchi et al (2018). The PC-Vetgard+tm Multiparameter wireless system, to which dogs were previously accustomed, was used to record continuously the cardiac activity during the test.…”

“…Two experimenters controlled the stimuli presentation from an adjacent room with the same system described in Siniscalchi et al (2018).…”

“…Recent studies indicate that the analysis of both the valence (lateralized behaviour) and arousal dimensions (physiological response) is a useful tool to deeply investigate brain emotional functioning in canine species (Siniscalchi, d'Ingeo, Fornelli, & Quaranta, 2018;Siniscalchi, d'Ingeo, & Quaranta, 2016). In dogs, the asymmetry in processing human emotional stimuli with different valence has been reported for olfaction (D'Aniello, Semin, Alterisio, Aria, & Scandurra, 2018;Siniscalchi et al, 2016) and audition (Siniscalchi et al, 2018). In particular, right hemisphere dominance was reported in response to human odours (e.g.…”

“…veterinary sweat; Siniscalchi et al, 2011) and emotional vocalizations with a clear negative emotional valence (head turning preferentially toward the left in response to 'fear' and 'sadness' vocalizations;Siniscalchi et al, 2018). On the contrary, left hemisphere dominance was shown in the analysis of positive vocalizations (head turning preferentially toward the right in response to Bhappiness^vocalizations; Siniscalchi et al, 2018) and during sniffing approaching eliciting odours (collected in fear and physical stress conditions; Siniscalchi et al, 2016). Concerning visual emotional stimuli, dogs showed a bias to turn their head toward the left side (right hemisphere dominance) when presented with a potential threatening stimuli (e.g.…”