The historical evolution and present morphology of Alexandria, Egypt

Abdelsalam, Hassan

doi:10.1080/02665439508725818

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The insert map in Figure 8 presents the study area of Alexandria city, showing the evolution of the area's extent from 332 B.C to 2018. The city extent from the era of Alexander the Great until 1917 was mapped according to [30]. The city extents in 1972 and 2018 were extracted from Landsat MSS data captured on 19 September 1972, and an S-2 image acquired on 24 October 2018.…”

Section: Ps-insar Line Of Sight (Los) Displacement Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The population of the city is more than five million with a population density of about 1800/km 2 , based on Egyptian Statistical Office (CAPMS) data [8]. It was built by Alexander the Great on the site of Rhakotis village in 331 BC [30]. The present city is located between 30 • 50 to 31 • 40 North and 29 • 40 to 32 • 35 East, Alexandria extends from Abu Qir Bay in the East to Sidi Krier in the West with a waterfront of about 70 km.…”

Section: Subsidence Causality Inputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the city lies on a long natural bay between the sea and Lake Mareotis at the western edge of the Nile Delta. Alexandria consists of three segments: beach resorts in the southwest, watersheds in the city center, and cape Abu Qir in the northeast [8,30]. The southern parts of the city were formerly wetlands [6,7].…”

Section: Subsidence Causality Inputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, this study considered only three potential causes of surface subsidence in the city: rock type, FLLD, and BL. Rock type and FLLD data were collected from secondary data sources [20,30], as shown in Figure 3, on a true color image of S-2 of 24 October 2018. Figure 3a shows lithological map of the study area modified after the geological map produced by Egyptian geological survey in 1992 and Warne and Stanley [20].…”

Section: Subsidence Causality Inputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 3a shows lithological map of the study area modified after the geological map produced by Egyptian geological survey in 1992 and Warne and Stanley [20]. While, Figure 3b presents former lakes and lagoon in Alexandria modified after Warne and Stanley [20], and Abdel-Salam [30]. However, BL needed to be developed as no existing data for this factor were available in Alexandria.…”

Section: Subsidence Causality Inputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Model for Complex Subsidence Causality Interpretation Based on PS-InSAR Cross-Heading Orbits Analysis

2019

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Urban areas are subject to subsidence due to varying natural and anthropogenic causes. Often, subsidence is interpreted and correlated to a single causal factor; however, subsidence is usually more complex. In this study, we adopt a new model to distinguish different causes of subsidence in urban areas based on complexity. Ascending and descending Sentinel-1 data were analyzed using permanent scatterer interferometry (PS-InSAR) and decomposed to estimate vertical velocity. The estimated velocity is correlated to potential causes of subsidence, and modeled using different weights, to extract the model with the highest correlations among subsidence. The model was tested in Alexandria City, Egypt, based on three potential causes of subsidence: rock type, former lakes and lagoons dewatering (FLLD), and built-up load (BL). Results of experiments on the tested area reveal singular patterns of causal factors of subsidence distributed across the northeast, northwest, central south, and parts of the city center, reflecting the rock type of those areas. Dual causes of subsidence are found in the southwest and some parts of the southeast as a contribution of rock type and FLLD, whereas the most complex causes of subsidence are found in the southeast of the city, as the newly built-up areas interact with the rock type and FLLD to form a complex subsidence regime. Those areas also show the highest subsidence values among all other parts of the city. The accuracy of the final model was confirmed using linear regression analysis, with an R2 value of 0.88.

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Section: Ps-insar Line Of Sight (Los) Displacement Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Subsidence Causality Inputsmentioning

confidence: 99%