The histo structure of galls induced by aphids as a useful taxonomic character: the case of Rectinasus (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Eriosomatinae)

Álvarez, Rafael; Molíst, Pilar; González-Sierra, Silvia; Martinez, J.-J. I.; Nafría, Juan M. Nieto

doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3861.5.6

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Anatomical features of host Anacardiaceae plants, such as the presence of secretory ducts, are usually maintained in the structure of the associated galls (Álvarez et al, 2009, 2014, 2016; Álvarez, 2011; Dias et al, 2013a; Muñoz‐Viveros et al, 2014). Distinct from S. terebinthifolia , the stem piths of S. polygama and S. engleri have no secretory ducts and druses, which may favor the development of E. minutanus within such tissue layers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex meristematic activity induced by Eucecidoses minutanus on Schinus engleri turns shoots into galls

Ferreira

Moreira

Carneiro

et al. 2022

American J of Botany

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Premise Gall‐inducing organisms change the development of their host plant organs, resulting in ontogenetic patterns not observed in the non‐galled plants. Distinct taxa induce galls on Schinus spp., manipulating meristematic patterns in the host plant in distinct ways. Here we report ontogenetic novelties induced in the lateral buds of S. engleri by Eucecidoses minutanus, a Cecidosidae, whose galls have been poorly understood. Methods The anatomy, histochemistry, and histometry of galls in distinct phases of development, non‐galled buds, and stems of Schinus engleri were analyzed in parallel with the instars of E. minutanus to detail the morphogenetic changes in the host with each larval stage. Results Ontogenetic phases of the galls were intricately associated with larval development. First and second‐instar larvae induced pericycle and pith cells to dedifferentiate into the gall inner meristem, where hyperplasia and cell hypertrophy characterized the growth and development phase of the gall. The innermost layers were lipid‐rich nutritive cells that lined the larval chamber. Additional vascular bundle rows were produced in young galls. Third and fourth instar‐larvae were associated with the gall maturation phase: centripetal lignification of the outer parenchyma cell layers, epidermal stratification, and activation of a cambium‐like meristem (CLM). The CLM activity resulted in new layers of nutritive cells that differentiated inward as the first layers of nutritive cells were consumed by E. minutanus larvae, and, also, in more parenchyma cell layers that formed outward. All tissues between the innermost layer of nutritive tissue that surround the gall chamber and the outermost layer of the dermal system that externally covers the gall form the gall wall, and increased in thickness until the end of gall maturation. Conclusions E. minutanus induces a structurally complex globoid stem gall, modifying all host plant tissues and stimulating a novel meristematic pattern in S. engleri. The gall developmental stages are each related to specific gall‐inducing instars, as gall development progresses according to the development of E. minutanus.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex meristematic activity induced by Eucecidoses minutanus on Schinus engleri turns shoots into galls

Ferreira

Moreira

Carneiro

et al. 2022

American J of Botany

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition to the molecular adaption, the specialized histologic structure also plays a key role in the interaction between R. chinensis and S. chinensis . The gall wall comprises parenchyma cells, which not only store a large quantity of nutrients such as starch, but also contain a high level of tannins, which reduce the feeding times of herbivores [ 11 ]. Furthermore, the expanded xylem in the stalk can provide enough space for nutrient exchange between the aphids and their host plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gall offers many advantages to the inducer, and some galls also benefit the host plant. The gall can be a deterrent that protects plant leaves from chewing by herbivores because of abundant tannins, such as galls induced by Rectinasus buxtoni on Pistacia palaestina [ 11 ]. A similar phenomenon occurs in galls present in the leaflets induced by genus Pistacia [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and Histologic Adaptation of Horned Gall Induced by the Aphid Schlechtendalia chinensis (Pemphigidae)

Chen

Yang

et al. 2021

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chinese galls are the result of hyperplasia in host plants induced by aphids. The metabolism and gene expression of these galls are modified to accommodate the aphids. Here, we highlight the molecular and histologic features of horned galls according to transcriptome and anatomical structures. In primary pathways, genes were found to be unevenly shifted and selectively expressed in the galls and leaves near the galls (LNG). Pathways for amino acid synthesis and degradation were also unevenly shifted, favoring enhanced accumulation of essential amino acids in galls for aphids. Although galls enhanced the biosynthesis of glucose, which is directly available to aphids, glucose content in the gall tissues was lower due to the feeding of aphids. Pathways of gall growth were up-regulated to provide enough space for aphids. In addition, the horned gall has specialized branched schizogenous ducts and expanded xylem in the stalk, which provide a broader feeding surface for aphids and improve the efficiency of transportation and nutrient exchange. Notably, the gene expression in the LNG showed a similar pattern to that of the galls, but on a smaller scale. We suppose the aphids manipulate galls to their advantage, and galls lessen competition by functioning as a medium between the aphids and their host plants.

show abstract

“…9). A bigger space in a gall can accommodate more aphids, and a thicker wall is also beneficial to prevent aphids from natural enemies and store more chemicals such as tannins, which may protect gall tissues from herbivores 8,27 . More vascular bundles distributed in thicker walls facilitate more efficient transport of photoassimilates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macro- and Microscopic Analyses of Anatomical Structures of Chinese Gallnuts and Their Functional Adaptation

Lu¹,

Chen²,

Wang³

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The galls induced by Schlechtendaia chinensis, Schlechtendaia peitan and Nurudea shiraii on Rhus chinensis and gall induced by Kaburagia rhusicola rhusicola on Rhus potaninii Maxim. are the largest plant galls and have great economic and medical values. We examined the structures of galls and their functional adaptation using various macro- and microscopic techniques. The highly adapted structures include a stalk at the base that is specialized for mechanical support and transport of nutrients for aphids, and a network of vascular bundles which accompanying schizogenous ducts arranged in a way to best support aphid feeding and population growth. There are many circular and semicircular xylems traces in an ensiform gall in cross sectional views, which would provide more nutrition and occupy less space. We infer the evolution trail was flower-like gall, horned gall, circular gall and ensiform gall. And the possible evolutionary trend of the gall was bigger chamber, more stable mechanical supporting, easier for exchanging substance and transporting nutrients.

show abstract

The histo structure of galls induced by aphids as a useful taxonomic character: the case of Rectinasus (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Eriosomatinae)

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

Complex meristematic activity induced by Eucecidoses minutanus on Schinus engleri turns shoots into galls

Complex meristematic activity induced by Eucecidoses minutanus on Schinus engleri turns shoots into galls

Molecular and Histologic Adaptation of Horned Gall Induced by the Aphid Schlechtendalia chinensis (Pemphigidae)

Macro- and Microscopic Analyses of Anatomical Structures of Chinese Gallnuts and Their Functional Adaptation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About