The Hishikari gold deposit: high-grade epithermal veins in Quaternary volcanics of southern Kyushu, Japan

Izawa, Eiji; Urashima, Yukitoshi; Ibaraki, Kenzo; Suzuki, Ryoichi; Yokoyama, Takeo; Kawasaki, Kiyoshi; Koga, Akito; Taguchi, Sachihiro

doi:10.1016/0375-6742(90)90050-k

Cited by 173 publications

(213 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The Hishikari epithermal deposit contains c.a. 260 tonnes of gold (Izawa et al, 1990) and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating of adularia indicate that the deposit was formed in less than 260 ka (Sanematsu et al, 2006).…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 97%

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The optimal windows for seismically-enhanced gold precipitation in the epithermal environment

Sánchez-Alfaro

Reich

Driesner

et al. 2016

Ore Geology Reviews

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Epithermal gold (Au) deposits result from the combination of a sustained flux of metalrich fluids and an efficient precipitation mechanism. Earthquakes may trigger gold precipitation A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPTby rapid loss of fluid pressure but their efficiency and time-integrated contribution to gold endowment are poorly constrained. In order to quantify the feedbacks between earthquake-driven fracturing and gold precipitation in the shallow crust, we studied the gold-rich fluids in the active Tolhuaca geothermal system, located in the highly seismic Southern Andes of Chile. We conditions -may significantly enhance gold precipitation rates in the shallow crust and lead to overall increases in metal endowment over time.

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Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…and related to extensional or mildly extensional tectonic settings (Izawa et al, 1990;Mauk et al, 2011). The Waihi gold deposit hosts 167 tonnes of gold (Brathwaite and Faure, 2002) and available data indicate that most of the known gold endowment was deposited in a 390 to 460 ka window (Mauk et al, 2011).…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

The optimal windows for seismically-enhanced gold precipitation in the epithermal environment

Sánchez-Alfaro

Reich

Driesner

et al. 2016

Ore Geology Reviews

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“…The characteristics of Se-type deposits worldwide shows that electrum and selenide minerals have been deposited from fluid with temperature ranging around 150 -210ºC (Matsuhisa et al, 1985;Izawa et al, 1990;So et al, 1995) as indicated by fluid inclusions with low salinity (0.4 -1.6 wt% NaCl equiv. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epithermal Gold-Silver Deposits in Western Java, Indonesia: Gold-Silver Selenide-Telluride Mineralization

Yuningsih¹,

Matsueda²,

Rosana³

2014

Indonesian J. Geosci.

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-The gold-silver ores of western Java reflect a major metallogenic event during the Miocene-Pliocene and Pliocene ages. Mineralogically, the deposits can be divided into two types i.e. Se-and Te-type deposits with some different characteristic features. The objective of the present research is to summarize the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of Se-and Te-type epithermal mineralization in western Java. Ore and alteration mineral assemblage, fluid inclusions, and radiogenic isotope studies were undertaken in some deposits in western Java combined with literature studies from previous authors. Ore mineralogy of some deposits from western Java such as Pongkor, Cibaliung, Cikidang, Cisungsang, Cirotan, Arinem, and Cineam shows slightly different characteristics as those are divided into Se-and Te-types deposits. The ore mineralogy of the westernmost of west Java region such as Pongkor, Cibaliung, Cikidang, Cisungsang, and Cirotan is characterized by the dominance of silver-arsenic-antimony sulfosalt with silver selenides and rarely tellurides over the argentite, while to the eastern part of West Java such as Arinem and Cineam deposits are dominated by silver-gold tellurides. The average formation temperatures measured from fluid inclusions of quartz associated with ore are in the range of 170 -220°C with average salinity of less than 1 wt% NaCl equiv. for Se-type and 190 -270°C with average salinity of ~2 wt% NaCl equiv. for Te-type.

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“…Although perhaps best evident in LS epithermal deposits from Nevada, Idaho, and Washington of the western USA such as those discussed here, gold/electrum nanoparticles might also be locally important in some bonanza epithermal ores such as in Japan [5][6][7][8][9][10] and elsewhere in western USA such as McLaughlin, California [26], and the Sunnyside gold mine [46] of the Silverton district, San Juan Mountains, Colorado. High-grade Sunnyside ores contained discrete electrum/gold-rich depositional events that also appear to have formed by colloid aggregation (Figure 9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investigations of some of these Tertiary banded bonanza ores in western USA (Figure 1) reveal some universal features in these ores besides their rich endowments of precious metals at the hand-sample scale: (1) fine-grained quartz (and locally opal) textures implying former presence of amorphous silica precursors or chalcedony in addition to direct quartz precipitation; (2) they are commonly Se-rich and locally contain ubiquitous Ag-Se(±S) phases; (3) sulfide and sulfosalts in intimate association with precious-metal minerals at the hand-sample scale are typically much less abundant than electrum+naumannite; and (4) they all have some textural evidence of silica and Au-Ag phases being transported and deposited in the bonanza ore setting as small particles [1][2][3][4]. A similar interpretation perhaps can be made from Hishikari, Kushikino, and Koryu epithermal deposits in Japan [5][6][7][8][9][10]. Textural evidence [1,2] from the bonanza low-sulfidation Sleeper deposit in Nevada supported the concept that gold (and silica) colloids played an important role in forming extraordinary high-grade Au-Ag ores there.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Textural Evidence of Episodic Introduction of Metallic Nanoparticles into Bonanza Epithermal Ores

Saunders

2012

Minerals

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Tertiary low sulfidation (LS) epithermal deposits in the western USA often show evidence of the former presence of nanoparticle-sized precious-metal and silica phases in the highest grade (bonanza) ores. Here, nanoparticles are defined to have a size less than ~10 −7 m. The ore-mineral textures that formed from aggregation of nanoparticles (or colloids) observed to date in these ores include electrum and naumannite (Ag 2 Se). Here it is proposed that chalcopyrite also forms nanoparticles in these ores, but sulfide nanoparticles apparently have significantly different physical (surface) properties than the precious-metal phases, and thus exhibit different mineral textures (e.g., no textural evidence of previous chalcopyrite nanoparticles). Textures described here show that nanoparticles of precious-metal phases and silica were episodically and often repeatedly deposited to form the banded bonanza veins typical of many western USA epithermal deposits. Chalcopyrite is the most abundant metal-sulfide mineral in these bonanza ores, and it was also deposited episodically as well, and it appears to replace earlier formed naumannite dendrites. However, this apparent "replacement" texture may just be the result of naumannite dendrite limbs trapping chalcopyrite nanoparticles that later recrystallized to the apparent replacement texture. The episodic and repetitive nature of the metal-depositing events may record periodic "degassing" of magma chambers at depth, where metals are repeatedly delivered to the shallow epithermal environment by "vapor-phase" metal (loid) transport.

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The Hishikari gold deposit: high-grade epithermal veins in Quaternary volcanics of southern Kyushu, Japan

Cited by 173 publications

References 9 publications

The optimal windows for seismically-enhanced gold precipitation in the epithermal environment

The optimal windows for seismically-enhanced gold precipitation in the epithermal environment

Epithermal Gold-Silver Deposits in Western Java, Indonesia: Gold-Silver Selenide-Telluride Mineralization

Textural Evidence of Episodic Introduction of Metallic Nanoparticles into Bonanza Epithermal Ores

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