The Hilbert curve as a small self‐resonant monopole from a practical point of view

In the recent years and with the multiplication and miniaturization of telecommunications systems and their integration in restricted environments, such as Smart-phones, tablets, cars, airplanes, and other embedded systems. The design of compact multi-bands and Ultra Wide Band (UWB) antennas becomes a necessity. One of the interesting techniques to provide this kind of antenna is the use of fractal structures.

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“…In 2003, GONZALEZ-ARBESÚ has studied the parameters and the behavior of 2D and 3D HILBERT curve wire antennas [86].…”

Section:  Apollonius Circlementioning

confidence: 99%

Fractal Antennas : A Novel Miniaturization Technique for wireless Networks

Reha

Amri

Benhmammouch

et al. 2014

TNC

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“…And this is the main reason why the maximum iterative time of a fractal wire or stripe antenna is usually chosen as a small natural number, like 2 to 5 times at most, or else the fractal wire or stripe will be self-overlapped or infinitesimal [10,14]. Of course, the radius relationship between iterative doesn't have the only form like Formula (1), but no matter what form it is, radius surely diminishes with iterative.…”

Section: The Abfc and Abflmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So, it might have better radiation properties than Euclidean counterparts. So far, almost all fractal antennas utilizing fractal geometries that consist of straight segments, such as Koch curve series [10][11][12], Minkowski curve [13], Hilbert/Peano curve [14][15][16][17] or linearly-edged blocks like Sierpinski Carpet series [18][19][20][21][22]. Naturally, we conceive the idea of fabricating a fractal with curved elements, such as circular or elliptical arc with the hope of further enhancing the antenna's performances, like bandwidth, reflection coefficient, directivity, gain, and polarization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiband Multimode Arched Bow-Shaped Fractal Helix Antenna

Li¹,

Mao²

2013

PIER

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Abstract-A novel circular arc fractus named Arched Bow-shaped Fractal Curve (ABFC) is originally proposed. Four ABFCs are connected end-to-end, forming so called Arched Bow-shaped Fractal Loop (ABFL). The loop antenna peculiarly presents multiband multimode characteristics with resonance compression. The normal mode, which is pertinent to the loop area and circumference, is found improved with the iterative procedure. Thus, an eight-turned wire helix of small pitch angle (α = 3 • ) with a circular disc ground called Arched Bow-shaped Fractal Helix (ABFH) antenna is shaped from K 2 ABFLs. It can unprecedentedly operate in multiband of axial and off-axial modes with dual-sensed circular polarizations and high gain. Four matched bands (|S 11 | ≤ −10 dB) are obtained within 2 GHz-8 GHz, of which f 1 = 2.34 GHz (400 MHz, 17.09%; G = 10.63 dBi; RHCP), f 2 = 4.24 GHz (770 MHz, 18.16%; G = 12.43 dBi; LHCP), f 3 = 5.48 GHz (300 MHz, 5.47%; G = 8.13 dBi; RHCP), and f 4 = 6.98 GHz (960 MHz, 13.75%; G = 15.89 dBi; RHCP). The unique multiband multimode property has been theoretically analyzed with illustrations and can be attributed to existence of the fractal boundary, which particularly encloses multiple equivalent loops with considerable areas. These peculiarities make K 2 ABFH antenna a very attractive candidate for multiband circularly polarized antennas, especially for space applications, such as spacecrafts communication, remote sensing, and telemetry, where reduction of quantity, height and weight of antennas are urgently wanted. It can also be configured into large array for higher gain service like radars and radio astronomy.

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“…All well-known fractal curves, such as Koch curve [13], Peano curve [22], Giuseppe Peano curve [17], and Hilbert Curve [23,24], are preferably designed into dipole or monopole antennas. So, CAKC wire is also fed at the endpoint to form a dipole or monopole antenna, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Brief Review Of Dipole Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circularly Arced Koch Fractal Multiband Multimode Monopole Antenna

Li¹,

Mao²

2013

PIER

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Abstract-Circularly arced Koch fractal curve (CAKC) is originally proposed. Then, a novel wire dipole is formed with K i -iterated CAKC. The dipole is experimentally studied for fractal electrical characteristics revealing. It manifests many unique properties, such as multiband resonance at odd times of half-wavelength. In particular, it unprecedentedly presents normal mode (0.5 · λ) and axial mode (1.5 · λ) simultaneously. Thus, K 2 CAKC wire is configured into folded monopole with circular disc ground for omni-directional and directive radiation. Five matched bands (|S 11 | ≤ −10 dB) are obtained within 1 GHz-10 GHz, of which f 1 = 1.31 GHz, f 2 = 3.14 GHz, f 3 = 3.63 GHz, f 4 = 4.65 GHz, and f 5 = 7.71 GHz. Compared with straight wire monopole (0.25 · λ), this fractal monopole shows 31% height reduction. It has dipole-like patterns at f 1 and f 2 , endfire patterns at f 3 and f 4 with high gain (10 dBi), and off-endfire patterns at f 5 . Moreover, the fractal antenna possesses compactness, lightweight, simplicity, and low cost. So, it is an attractive candidate for multiband and multifunction antennas, such as satellite antennas, of which omnidirectional normal mode and directive axial mode are needed for beaconing and communication respectively.

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The Hilbert curve as a small self‐resonant monopole from a practical point of view

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

Fractal Antennas : A Novel Miniaturization Technique for wireless Networks

Fractal Antennas : A Novel Miniaturization Technique for wireless Networks

Multiband Multimode Arched Bow-Shaped Fractal Helix Antenna

Circularly Arced Koch Fractal Multiband Multimode Monopole Antenna

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