The highest energy neutrinos: First evidence for cosmic origin

Halzen, F.

doi:10.1002/asna.201412058

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Since the IceCube detection of TeV to PeV neutrinos (Aartsen et al 2013;IceCube Collaboration 2013;Aartsen et al 2015), consistent with an extragalactic origin, several studies have attempted to pinpoint the source class of these neutrino events (see e.g. Halzen 2014). Using the photohadronic interaction channel the neutrino flux expected in blazars has been found to agree with the IceCube events assuming X-ray and γ-ray emission is produced through the π 0 -decay (Krauß et al 2015).…”

Section: 31mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-energy neutrino fluxes from AGN populations inferred from X-ray surveys

Jacobsen

et al. 2015

Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.

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High-energy neutrinos and photons are complementary messengers, probing violent astrophysical processes and structural evolution of the Universe. X-ray and neutrino observations jointly constrain conditions in active galactic nuclei (AGN) jets: their baryonic and leptonic contents, and particle production efficiency. Testing two standard neutrino production models for local source Cen A (Koers & Tinyakov 2008; Becker & Biermann 2009), we calculate the high-energy neutrino spectra of single AGN sources and derive the flux of high-energy neutrinos expected for the current epoch. Assuming that accretion determines both X-rays and particle creation, our parametric scaling relations predict neutrino yield in various AGN classes. We derive redshift-dependent number densities of each class, from Chandra and Swift/BAT X-ray luminosity functions (Silverman et al. 2008;Ajello et al. 2009). We integrate the neutrino spectrum expected from the cumulative history of AGN (correcting for cosmological and source effects, e.g. jet orientation and beaming). Both emission scenarios yield neutrino fluxes well above limits set by IceCube (by " 4-10 6ˆa t 1 PeV, depending on the assumed jet models for neutrino production). This implies that: (i) Cen A might not be a typical neutrino source as commonly assumed; (ii) both neutrino production models overestimate the efficiency; (iii) neutrino luminosity scales with accretion power differently among AGN classes and hence does not follow X-ray luminosity universally; (iv) some AGN are neutrino-quiet (e.g. below a power threshold for neutrino production); (v) neutrino and X-ray emission have different duty cycles (e.g. jets alternate between baryonic and leptonic flows); or (vi) some combination of the above.

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Section: 31mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-energy neutrino fluxes from AGN populations inferred from X-ray surveys

Jacobsen

et al. 2015

Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.

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“…These properties together hint to a cosmological origin of the observed neutrino flux, most likely related to the accelerators of high-energy cosmic rays (CRs) (see Refs. [8][9][10] for reviews). High-energy neutrinos are expected to be emitted in this case mainly by the decay of mesons and muons produced in interactions of CRs with ambient gas (nucleons) or radiation fields within or surrounding the CR sources, with neutrino to CR energy ratio typically given by E ν /E cr ≈ (0.03 − 0.05)/A, where A is the CR atomic number [8,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraining high-energy cosmic neutrino sources: Implications and prospects

2016

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We consider limits on the local (z = 0) density (n0) of extragalactic neutrino sources set by the nondetection of steady high-energy neutrino sources producing 50 TeV muon multiplets in the present IceCube data, taking into account the redshift evolution, luminosity function and neutrino spectrum of the sources. We show that the lower limit depends weakly on source spectra and strongly on redshift evolution. We find n0 10 −8 −10 −7 Mpc −3 for standard candle sources evolving rapidly, Applying these results to a wide range of classes of potential sources, we show that powerful "blazar" jets associated with active galactic nuclei are unlikely to be the dominant sources. For almost all other steady candidate source classes (including starbursts, radio galaxies, and galaxy clusters and groups), an order of magnitude increase in the detector sensitivity at ∼ 0.1 − 1 PeV will enable a detection (as point sources) of the few brightest objects. Such an increase, which may be provided by next-generation detectors like IceCube-Gen2 and an upgraded KM3NET, can improve the limit on n0 by more than two orders of magnitude. Future gamma-ray observations (by Fermi, HAWC and CTA) will play a key role in confirming the association of the neutrinos with their sources.PACS numbers: 95.85. Ry, 98.70.Sa, 98.70.Vc

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“…Besides the solar neutrinos, there are a number of other neutrino sources [54,142,143], each of which has its own spectrum with a particular shape of distribution [143,144]. Neutrinos from such sources cover a wide range of energies from 10 −10 MeV to 10 8 MeV [145][146][147].…”

Section: A (B − L) Is Conservedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connection between νn→ν¯n¯ reactions and n−
Hao
¹

2020
Phys. Rev. D
3
0
1
0
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In this work, we investigate the connection and compatibility between νn →νn reactions and n-n oscillations based on the SU (3)c×SU (2)L×U (1) symmetry model with additional Higgs triplets. We explore the possibility that the scattering process νn →νn produced by low-energy solar neutrinos gives rise to an unavoidable background in the measurements of n-n oscillations. We focus on two different scenarios, depending on whether the (B − L) symmetry could be broken. We analyze the interplay of the various constraints on the two processes and their observable consequences. In the scenario where both (B + L) and (B − L) could be broken, we point out that if all the requirements, mainly arising from the type-II seesaw mechanism, are satisfied, the parameter space would be severely constrained. In this case, although the masses of the Higgs triplet bosons could be within the reach of a direct detection at the LHC or future high-energy experiments, the predicted n-n oscillation times would be completely beyond the detectable regions of the present experiments. In both scenarios, the present experiments are unable to distinguish a νn →νn reaction event from a n-n oscillation event within the accessible energy range. Nevertheless, if any of the two processes is detected, there could be signal associated with new physics beyond the Standard Model.

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The highest energy neutrinos: First evidence for cosmic origin

Cited by 16 publications

References 95 publications

High-energy neutrino fluxes from AGN populations inferred from X-ray surveys

High-energy neutrino fluxes from AGN populations inferred from X-ray surveys

Constraining high-energy cosmic neutrino sources: Implications and prospects

Connection between νn→ν¯n¯ reactions and n−
Hao
¹

2020
Phys. Rev. D
3
0
1
0
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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The highest energy neutrinos: First evidence for cosmic origin

Cited by 16 publications

References 95 publications

High-energy neutrino fluxes from AGN populations inferred from X-ray surveys

High-energy neutrino fluxes from AGN populations inferred from X-ray surveys

Constraining high-energy cosmic neutrino sources: Implications and prospects

Connection between νn→ν¯n¯ reactions and n−Hao1 2020Phys. Rev. D3010View full textAdd to dashboardCite

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Connection between νn→ν¯n¯ reactions and n−
Hao
¹

2020
Phys. Rev. D
3
0
1
0
View full text Add to dashboard Cite