The High-Vacuum X-Ray Tube: Technological Change in Social Context

Arns, Robert G.

doi:10.2307/3106952

Cited by 18 publications

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“…. Others emphasize the difficult theoretical and technical challenges that faced the development of X-ray technology (Arns, 1997). Still others ponder the great epistemological barriers involved in shifting from the verbal and the tactile to the visual (Pasveer, 1989;Lerner, 1992).…”

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The Emergence of the Silent Witness

Golan¹

2004

Soc Stud Sci

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The late 19th-century discovery of X-rays befuddled not only the scientific world but also the medical and legal worlds. The possibility of looking into the human body as if through an open window challenged the time-honored medical monopoly over the inner cavities of the human body. Likewise, the possibility of visualizing objects unavailable to the naked eye challenged the established legal theories and practices of illustration and proof. This paper describes the reactions to those challenges by the medical and the legal professions in the USA. The two professions are treated as connected social institutions, producing ongoing negotiations through which legal doctrines affect medicine no less than scientific discoveries and medical applications affect the law. This joint analysis rewards us with a rich story about an early and overlooked chapter in X-ray history on the professionalization of radiology, the origins of defensive medicine, and the evolution of the legal theory and practice of visual evidence.

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The Emergence of the Silent Witness

Golan¹

2004

Soc Stud Sci

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“…The patent in this way reveals an expectation of the space of possibilities the actors it describes will occupy, and how others may conceive of them. Patent strategy has been a long held area of interest when examining socio-technical systems and their corporate environments (see: Hughes 1983, Rech 1985, Bowker 1994, Arns 1997, Graham 2012). Patents are often highly technical documents, but written in a specialized legal form, and deployed for many social/business reasons, including the establishment of credibility.…”

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Negotiating a Quantum Computation Network: Mechanics, Machines, Mindsets

Noon¹

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This dissertation describes the origins, development, and distribution of quantum computing from a socio-technical perspective. It depicts quantum computing as a result of the negotiations of heterogeneous actors using the concepts of ANT and socio-technical analyses of computing and infrastructure more generally. It draws on two years of participant observation and interviews with the hardware and software companies that developed, sold, and distributed both machines and a mindset for a new approach to computing: adiabatic quantum computation (AQC). It illustrates how a novel form of computation and software writing was developed by challenging and recoding the usual distinctions between digital and analogue computing, and discusses how the myriad controversies and failures attending quantum computing were resolved provisionally through a series of human and non-human negotiations. These negotiations disrupted, scrambled, and reconstituted what we usually understand as hardware, software, and mindset, and permitted a ‗disruptive' technology to gain common acceptance in several high profile scientific, governmental, and financial institutions. It is the relationalities established across these diverse processes that constitute quantum computing, and consequences of this account of computation are considered in the context of digital media theory, industrial histories of computing, and socio-technical theories of technological innovation. Noon iii

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Diffusionen und Irritationen

Dommann

2017

N.T.M.

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Die deutsche Lyrikerin Claire Goll lobpreiste sie allesamt , in ihrem Gedicht mit dem schlichten Titel "Zwanzigstes Jahrhundert".  Die wissenschaftlichen und technischen Innovationen, welche den ingenieurwissenschaftlichen und physikalischen Labors des . Jahrhunderts entstammten und für das . Jahrhundert grundlegend wurden: etwa das Grammophon, die Röntgenstrahlen, die Kunstsonnen, die Benzmotoren, das Radium, das Kino, das Pianola, die Hochbahn.

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The High-Vacuum X-Ray Tube: Technological Change in Social Context

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

The Emergence of the Silent Witness

The Emergence of the Silent Witness

Negotiating a Quantum Computation Network: Mechanics, Machines, Mindsets

Diffusionen und Irritationen

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