The high-temperature elastic moduli of polycrystalline PbTe measured by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy

Ren, Fei; Case, Eldon D.; Sootsman, Joseph R.; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.; Kong, Huijun; Uher, Ctirad; Lara‐Curzio, Edgar; Trejo, Rosa M

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2008.07.055

Cited by 60 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…5): Slow cooling from the melt of batch 1 may have led to slightly (a) (b) Figure 3 Charge carrier concentration (a) and mobility (b) at room temperature decrease with increasing calcium content. Values were calculated from Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity using Pisarenko's relation [26]. Dashed lines in (a) correspond to carrier concentrations calculated based on the band gap E g .…”

Section: Calcium In Pure Pbtementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known that alloying or doping PbTe with other elements may have a strong influence on its mechanical properties [23,[25][26][27]32]. While these influences on the mechanical properties have so far been an inevitable side effect of doping for optimal thermoelectric properties, the approach in this study is different.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Still the mechanical properties of PbTe are a major drawback: PbTe has a very high coefficient of thermal expansion around 2 9 10 -5 K -1 [5,20,21], increasing the issue of thermal expansion-related stresses. Furthermore, lead telluride is rather soft and brittle with low fracture strength compared to for example skutterudites [22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. This is particularly true for p-type lead telluride as at a charge carrier concentration around 3 9 10 19 cm -3 the brittleness increases even further [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tailoring the mechanical properties of thermoelectric lead telluride by alloying with non-doping calcium

et al. 2016

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Thermoelectric generators have a great potential in waste heat recovery and energy harvesting due to their principle of directly converting thermal into electrical energy. Despite a long history in space travel and a broad range of potential applications, TEGs are rarely found in terrestrial applications. Reasons are manufacturing problems and limited durability in dynamic operation conditions due to deficient mechanical properties of the thermoelectric materials, which often suffer from low strength and high brittleness. We present a concept for the basically independent tailoring of mechanical and thermoelectric properties. This can be achieved by the alloying of TE materials with additional elements having preferably no or only little influence on the TE properties. We demonstrate a route of improving the mechanical properties of PbTe by alloying with calcium. It is shown that calcium has minor effects on the thermoelectric properties of PbTe while significantly increasing hardness and fracture strength. As proof of concept, mechanically more stable sodium and calcium co-doped Pb 0.966 Ca 0.02 Na 0.014 Te with ZT exceeding 1.2 above 650 K is demonstrated.

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Section: Calcium In Pure Pbtementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tailoring the mechanical properties of thermoelectric lead telluride by alloying with non-doping calcium

et al. 2016

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“…Strategies to further improve the thermoelectric properties of PbTe include the development of nanostructures and the modification of DOS, so as to create resonance states in the conduction band, thus increasing the Seebeck coefficient. In addition, mechanical properties of PbTe have also been investigated for potential device applications [101][102][103].…”

Section: Pbtementioning

confidence: 99%

Waste Thermal Energy Harvesting (I): Thermoelectric Effect

Kong

Hng

et al. 2014

Waste Energy Harvesting

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Waste thermal energy (heat) is the second type of energy to be discussed. Usually, it is generated in a process by way of fuel combustion or chemical reaction, and then ''dumped'' into the environment even though it could still be reused for some useful and economic purpose. The essential quality of heat is not the amount but rather its ''value.'' The strategy of how to recover this heat depends in part on the temperature of the waste heat gases and the economics involved.Waste thermal energy is one of the largest sources of inexpensive, clean, and fuel-free energy available. The vast amount of heat that is discharged into the atmosphere everyday is one of the best sources of clean, fuel-free, and inexpensive energy. According to the US Department of Energy (DOE), up to 50 % of all fuels burned in the US goes unused into the atmosphere as waste heat is released to the atmosphere. Research indicates that the energy currently wasted by the industrial facilities in the U.S. could produce as much as 20 % of the total US electrical output with the associated 20 % reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Various sources that can be classified as waste thermal energy (heat) with their properties are listed in Tables 4.1 , 4.2, 4.3, and 4.4 [1].Among the large quantities of waste heat that have been directly discharged into the Earth's environment, much of it is at temperatures which are too low to recover by using the conventional electrical power generators. Thermoelectric power generation, also known as thermoelectricity, has been demonstrated as a promising technology in the direct conversion of low-grade thermal energy, such as waste heat energy into electrical power. Probably, the earliest application is the utilization of waste heat from a kerosene lamp to provide thermoelectric energy to power a wireless device. Thermoelectric generators have also been used to provide small amounts electricity to remote regions, for instance, Northern Sweden, as an L. B. Kong et al., Waste Energy Harvesting, Lecture Notes in Energy 24,

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“…Using the Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (RUS) technique [Migliori and Sarrao, 27 Ren et al, 28 ], the Young's modulus and, E, Poisson's ratio, , were determined for four plate-shaped specimens each of LASTT and refined-LAST. For all of the elasticity/thermal fatigue measurements of LASTT and refined-LAST included in this study, the thermal cycling was done in the small thermal chamber.…”

Section: Elastic Modulus Measurements In Lastt and Hl Last Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Soldier Thermoelectric Power System for Power Generation from Battlefield Heat Sources

Hendricks¹,

Hogan²,

Case³

et al. 2010

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The U.S. military uses large amounts of fuel during deployments and battlefield operations. This project sought to develop a lightweight, small form-factor, soldier-portable advanced thermoelectric (TE) system prototype to recover and convert waste heat from various deployed military equipment (i.e., diesel generators/engines, incinerators, vehicles, and potentially mobile kitchens), with the ultimate purpose of producing power for soldier battery charging, advanced capacitor charging, and other battlefield power applications. The technical approach employed microchannel technology, a unique "power panel" approach to heat exchange/TE system integration, and newly-characterized LAST (lead-antimony-silvertelluride) and LASTT (lead-antimony-silver-tin-telluride) TE materials segmented with bismuth telluride TE materials in designing a segmented-element TE power module and system. This project researched system integration challenges of designing a compact TE system prototype consisting of alternating layers of thin, microchannel heat exchangers (hot and cold) sandwiching thin, segmented-element TE power generators. The TE properties, structurally properties, and thermal fatigue behavior of hot-pressed and sintered (HPS) LAST and LASTT materials were developed and characterized, such that the first segmented-element TE modules using LAST / LASTT materials were fabricated and tested. The LASTT p-type materials exhibited ZT values of 1.0 at 700 K, whereas the goal for these p-type materials was about 1.2 at 700 K. The p-type LASTT power factors, although improved during the project to about 17 µW/cm-K 2 at 600-700 K , fell short of the expectations of 20-22 µW/cm-K 2 at 600-700 K. Further work is needed to increase p-type LASTT power factors. The LAST n-type materials exhibited ZT values of 1.0 at 700 K compared to a goal of 1.5 at 700 K. Although n-type LAST material power factors were improved significantly to 16-26 µW/cm-K 2 at 700 K, the thermal conductivity of these n-type LAST materials remained too high to achieve the n-type ZT goal. Additional work is needed in developing annealing techniques to reliably reduce the thermal conductivity of these materials. Major progress was made in characterizing the thermal fatigue of the HPS LAST and LASTT materials for the first time. Both materials showed good thermal fatigue characteristics, where Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio remained constant over 200 thermal cycles from 40 °C to 400 °C. All of the n-type LAST materials showed surface inclusions that led to surface spalling that should be further investigated. The ring-on-ring (ROR) fracture strength for both the as-received (not thermally fatigued) LAST and LASTT was discovered comparable to ROR strengths measured on commercially available Thermoelectric, thermal and structural analyses on this project ultimately led to these LAST and LASTT materials being successfully segmented with bismuth telluride and electrically interconnected with diffusion barrier materials and copper strapping within operating TE modules...

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The high-temperature elastic moduli of polycrystalline PbTe measured by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy

Cited by 60 publications

References 22 publications

Tailoring the mechanical properties of thermoelectric lead telluride by alloying with non-doping calcium

Tailoring the mechanical properties of thermoelectric lead telluride by alloying with non-doping calcium

Waste Thermal Energy Harvesting (I): Thermoelectric Effect

Advanced Soldier Thermoelectric Power System for Power Generation from Battlefield Heat Sources

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