The high strain-rate behaviour of selected tissue analogues

Appleby-Thomas, Gareth; Hazell, Paul J.; Sheldon, R. P.; Stennett, C.; Hameed, Amer; Wilgeroth, James

doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.05.018

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…22,23 Characterizing the entire range of physiological strains is crucial for understanding injury-level mechanobiology, soft-tissue healing, tissue remodeling and homeostasis attainment. [24][25][26] Additionally, none of the above methods has yet been able to determine the independent effects of strain and stiffness on cell behavior, which, in 3D, are not independent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetically actuated cell-laden microscale hydrogels for probing strain-induced cell responses in three dimensions

Huang

Gao

et al. 2016

NPG Asia Mater

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Living cells respond to their mechanical microenvironments during development, healing, tissue remodeling and homeostasis attainment. However, this mechanosensitivity has not yet been established definitively for cells in three-dimensional (3D) culture environments, in part because of challenges associated with providing uniform and consistent 3D environments that can deliver a large range of physiological and pathophysiological strains to cells. Here, we report microscale magnetically actuated, cell-laden hydrogels (μMACs) for investigating the strain-induced cell response in 3D cultures. μMACs provide high-throughput arrays of defined 3D cellular microenvironments that undergo reversible, relatively homogeneous deformation following non-contact actuation under external magnetic fields. We present a technique that not only enables the application of these high strains (60%) to cells but also enables simplified microscopy of these specimens under tension. We apply the technique to reveal cellular strain-threshold and saturation behaviors that are substantially different from their 2D analogs, including spreading, proliferation, and differentiation. μMACs offer insights for mechanotransduction and may also provide a view of how cells respond to the extracellular matrix in a 3D manner.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetically actuated cell-laden microscale hydrogels for probing strain-induced cell responses in three dimensions

Huang

Gao

et al. 2016

NPG Asia Mater

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“…Resultant values along with key calculated elastic properties are presented in Table 1. In addition, for the purpose of comparison, similar data from the literature is included for the simulant/tissue materials Sylgard ® [23] and porcine muscle tissue [24]. In the latter case, data are the mean of (very similar) values presented in Ref.…”

Section: Materials Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acetal saboted 12-mm diameter, 7.15 g, stainless steel projectiles were launched into 6-mm thick 190-mm diameter Synbone ® (a polyurethane-based synthetic bone material) hemispherical targets. These targets, either empty or filled with Perma-Gel ® or the alternate muscular tissue simulant Sylgard ® , were adhered using a slow cure two-part epoxy (Loctite It should be noted that Sylgard ® was primarily employed here as it has been previously extensively characterised by a selection of the authors of this paper [23]. While the filling simulant were of primary interest, in addition to the requirement to have a medium to cast the filling materials in to, it was considered appropriate to try and nominally simulate a 'skull-like' structure for these tests by employing a Synbone ® outer casing.…”

Section: Ballistic Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…building on Refs. [6,23]), while also -providing a ready comparison between the differing simulant materials considered here. The experimental arrangement is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Ballistic Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From this range of shock velocities, a corresponding range of particle-velocities were calculated via the impedance matching technique based on knowledge of the flyer material properties and impact speed [20]. In addition, for comparison, equation-of-state data for both Sylgard ® [23] and porcine muscle tissue [24] are also included in this figure (although, in the case of the porcine muscle data, following on from a discussion detailed below/in Table 3, a nonlinear fit to experimental data from Ref. [24] is included here).…”

Section: Plate-impact Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Investigation of the high-strain rate (shock and ballistic) response of the elastomeric tissue simulant Perma-Gel®

Appleby-Thomas

Wood

Hameed

et al. 2016

International Journal of Impact Engineering

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A B S T R A C TFor both ethical and practical reasons accurate tissue simulant materials are essential for ballistic testing applications. A wide variety of different materials have been previously adopted for such roles, ranging from gelatin to ballistics soap. However, while often well characterised quasi-statically, there is typically a paucity of information on the high strain-rate response of such materials in the literature. Here, building on previous studies by the authors on other tissue analogues, equation-of-state data for the elastomeric epithelial/muscular simulant material Perma-Gel ® is presented, along with results from a series of ballistic tests designed to illustrate its impact-related behaviour. Comparison of both hydrodynamic and ballistic behaviour to that of comparable epithelial tissues/analogues (Sylgard ® and porcine muscle tissue) has provided an insight into the applicability of both Perma-Gel ® and, more generally, monolithic simulants for ballistic testing purposes. Of particular note was an apparent link between the high strain-rate compressibility (evidenced in the Hugoniot relationship in the Us-up plane) and subsequent ballistic response of these materials. Overall, work conducted in this study highlighted the importance of fully characterising tissue analogues -with particular emphasis on the requirement to understand the behaviour of such analogues under impact as part of a system as well as individually.

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Mechanical Cues Regulating Proangiogenic Potential of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells through YAP‐Mediated Mechanosensing

Bandaru

Cefaloni

Vajhadin

et al. 2020

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Stem cells secrete trophic factors that induce angiogenesis. These soluble factors are promising candidates for stem cell–based therapies, especially for cardiovascular diseases. Mechanical stimuli and biophysical factors presented in the stem cell microenvironment play important roles in guiding their behaviors. However, the complex interplay and precise role of these cues in directing pro‐angiogenic signaling remain unclear. Here, a platform is designed using gelatin methacryloyl hydrogels with tunable rigidity and a dynamic mechanical compression bioreactor to evaluate the influence of matrix rigidity and mechanical stimuli on the secretion of pro‐angiogenic factors from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Cells cultured in matrices mimicking mechanical elasticity of bone tissues in vivo show elevated secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), one of representative signaling proteins promoting angiogenesis, as well as increased vascularization of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with a supplement of conditioned media from hMSCs cultured across different conditions. When hMSCs are cultured in matrices stimulated with a range of cyclic compressions, increased VEGF secretion is observed with increasing mechanical strains, which is also in line with the enhanced tubulogenesis of HUVECs. Moreover, it is demonstrated that matrix stiffness and cyclic compression modulate secretion of pro‐angiogenic molecules from hMSCs through yes‐associated protein activity.

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The high strain-rate behaviour of selected tissue analogues

Cited by 23 publications

References 37 publications

Magnetically actuated cell-laden microscale hydrogels for probing strain-induced cell responses in three dimensions

Magnetically actuated cell-laden microscale hydrogels for probing strain-induced cell responses in three dimensions

Investigation of the high-strain rate (shock and ballistic) response of the elastomeric tissue simulant Perma-Gel®

Mechanical Cues Regulating Proangiogenic Potential of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells through YAP‐Mediated Mechanosensing

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