The High-Risk Patient With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: Treatment Options and Challenges

Abstract

An estimated 5.1 million Americans aged 20 years and older have heart failure.(1) With therapies ranging from medication and physical therapy to implantable defibrillators and circulatory support, and possibly transplantation, accurate risk stratification of patient with heart failure and delivery of therapies appropriate to the level of their disease severity is becoming increasingly important. Determination of risk and associated treatment strategies is the subject of this brief review.

Factors associated with quality of life in Arab patients with heart failure

“…Effective management of LVEF might improve patients' QOL, reduce mortality rate and decrease hospitalisation admission. Different pharmacological and nonpharmacological modalities such as implantable cardioverter defibrillator, cardiac resynchronisation therapy or myocardial revascularisation can be used to improve LVEF . In addition to the disease process, culture may negatively affect LVEF.…”

Heart Failure: A Disease Complex with Challenging Therapeutics

“…Bartos and Francis 25 review one of the most significant challenges in HF: the management of the high‐risk patient with HF. These patients are often elderly, with comorbid diseases such as DM, and worsening renal function.…”