The high prevalence of diabetes mellitus on a Central Pacific island

Zimmet, Paul; Taft, Pincus; Guinea, A.; Guthrie, William Steele Watson; Thoma, K

doi:10.1007/bf00745137

Cited by 171 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…When IFG and IGT are also considered, almost one in four adult Australians has abnormal glucose tolerance. The prevalence of diabetes is similar to that reported from the U.S. (7) for nonHispanic whites (7.3% for those aged Ն20 years) but not as high as rates reported for Hispanics (7), Asian Indians (6,15), American Pima Indians (16), or Micronesian Nauruans (17). The prevalence in Australia seems to be higher than in northern Europe.…”

Section: Secular Trends: 1981 To 1999 -2000supporting

confidence: 81%

The Rising Prevalence of Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance

et al. 2002

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OBJECTIVE -To determine the population-based prevalence of diabetes and other categories of glucose intolerance (impaired glucose tolerance [IGT] and impaired fasting glucose [IFG]) in Australia and to compare the prevalence with previous Australian data. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-A national sample involving 11,247 participants aged Ն25 years living in 42 randomly selected areas from the six states and the Northern Territory were examined in a cross-sectional survey using the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test to assess fasting and 2-h plasma glucose concentrations. The World Health Organization diagnostic criteria were used to determine the prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance.RESULTS -The prevalence of diabetes in Australia was 8.0% in men and 6.8% in women, and an additional 17.4% of men and 15.4% of women had IGT or IFG. Even in the youngest age group (25-34 years), 5.7% of subjects had abnormal glucose tolerance. The overall diabetes prevalence in Australia was 7.4%, and an additional 16.4% had IGT or IFG. Diabetes prevalence has more than doubled since 1981, and this is only partially explained by changes in age profile and obesity.CONCLUSIONS -Australia has a rapidly rising prevalence of diabetes and other categories of abnormal glucose tolerance. The prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance in Australia is one of the highest yet reported from a developed nation with a predominantly Europid background. Diabetes Care 25:829 -834, 2002

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Section: Secular Trends: 1981 To 1999 -2000supporting

confidence: 81%

The Rising Prevalence of Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance

et al. 2002

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“…The highest diabetes prevalence rates reported in the literature (approximately 35%) are in the American Pima Indians [1] and in the Micronesian population of Nauru [2]. Prevalence rates are also quite high in a number of other American Indian populations [10,25,26], other Pacific island populations -Western Samoa [14], Tonga [27], Australian aboriginals [28], Fiji Indians [30] , certain groups in Papua New Guinea [29], and other migrant Indian communities in Singapore [22], Malaysia [31] and South Africa [32], and in the Maltese population [33].…”

Section: Prevalence Of Type 2 Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…New Caledonia (mainland) [30] New Caledonia (Loyalty Islands) [30] Fiji [301 Prevalence rates for diabetes, based on cases of known diabetes from health interviews or national registers, almost certainly understate the true situation [14]. Screening surveys done in many diverse population groups indicate that for every known diabetic, there is at least one or two undiagnosed cases [2,21,25,32,46]. Harris has recently provided data that indicate there has been a tenfold increase in the prevalence of diabetes in the USA during the past 45 years [47].…”

Section: Type 2 Diabetes Prevalence Rates Using New Diagnostic Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes ? An epidemiological overview

1982

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Summary.Despite the use of a wide range of different methodologies and diagnostic criteria, epidemiological studies have shown that Type 2 (non-insulindependent) diabetes has a global distribution and its prevalence varies from country to country, in different ethnic groups in the same country, and between the same ethnic group undergoing internal or external migration. Rural-urban and migration studies indicate that change towards a 'Westernized' lifestyle is associated with a dramatic increase in the prevalence rates for Type 2 diabetes. Between populations, comparisons are confounded by a wide range of different ascertainment rates, survey methodologies, and diagnostic criteria for diabetes. However, low prevalence rates for Type 2 diabetes are seen in Eskimos and populations of the Far East, while the highest are seen in American Indians, urbanized Pacific Island populations, and migrant Asian Indians. Available evidence suggests that these latter groups have a genetic susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes ('diabetes genotype') and that the disease is unmasked by environmental factors. There appears to be a spectrum of interaction between genetic and environmental factors -in certain populations the genetic role may be more important than environmental, or vice versa. Epidemiological studies, apart from their value in population screenings and case-finding, have contributed to the new classification and diagnostic criteria for diabetes and our understanding of risk factors and host characteristics in the aetiology of Type 2 diabetes.

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“…4 For example, on the Pacific island of Nauru type II diabetes was virtually unknown 50 years ago but is now present in B40% of adults. 6,7 This is the second highest prevalence recorded in the literature, after that of the Pima Indians. 3 This heightened susceptibility, however, is not equally severe across all Pacific populations and it has been suggested that the extreme susceptibility genotype was introduced by the Austronesian-speaking ancestors of present-day Polynesians, 4,8 who likely originated in Taiwan sometime before 3000 bp and reached the furthest islands of Polynesia by 800 bp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Identification of a candidate genetic variant for the high prevalence of type II diabetes in Polynesians

et al. 2007

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The prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type II diabetes) in Polynesia is among the highest recorded worldwide and is substantially higher than in neighboring human populations. Such large differences in the frequency of a phenotype between populations may be explained by large allele frequency differences between populations in genes associated with the phenotype. To identify genes that may explain the high between-population variation in type II diabetes prevalence in the Pacific, we determined the frequency of 10 type II diabetes-associated alleles in 23 Polynesians, 23 highland New Guineans and 19 Han Chinese, calculated population-pairwise Fst values for each allele and compared these values to the distribution of Fst values from B100 000 SNPs from the same populations. The susceptibility allele in the PPARGC1A gene is at a frequency of 0.717 in Polynesians, 0.368 in Chinese but is absent in the New Guineans. The striking frequency difference between Polynesians and New Guineans is highly unusual (Fst ¼ 0.703, P ¼ 0.007) and we therefore suggest that this allele may play a role in the large difference in type II diabetes prevalence between Polynesians and neighboring populations.

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The high prevalence of diabetes mellitus on a Central Pacific island

Cited by 171 publications

References 18 publications

The Rising Prevalence of Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance

The Rising Prevalence of Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance

Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes ? An epidemiological overview

Identification of a candidate genetic variant for the high prevalence of type II diabetes in Polynesians

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