The High Pressure System of the Mammalian Circulation as a Dynamic Self-Organizing System

Schmid‐Schönbein, H.; Ziege, S.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-76877-4_6

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…15Hz activity as an auto nomic intermediate frequency band. As detailed else where [4], it is a holistic response and the result of syner getic self-organization and resonance [for more theoreti cal aspects, see ref 24], Finally, it can be summarized that the presented inves tigation gives clear evidence that a relation between rhythmical or chaotic cutaneous perfusion patterns and the anesthetic level exists. Furthermore, it is likely that the reported phenomena are rather related to the analgetic component of general anesthesia than to the hypnotic, which could potentially improve the possibility of intra anesthetic differential therapy.…”

Section: Cutaneous Microcirculation During Anesthesiamentioning

confidence: 78%

“…15HzR). As was shown elsewhere in detail [3,4], the onset of this rhythm requires a psychophysical relaxation of the subjects; a nonrelaxed person cannot exhibit it. Provided that the circulatory system and its reg ulation units will not be disturbed by intrinsic or extrinsic influences, the rhythm can stabilize and become very dominant within the system ( fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Using this technique, especially periodic fluctations can be well detected [3,4], If photophlethysmographic recording from the earlobe are done in healthy resting subjects, first of all, two wellknown rhythmical phenomena occur in the signal: (1) the heartbeat-related perfusion rhythm (first-order fluctua tions, 0.8-1.4 Hz), and (2) the respiration-related rhyth micity (second-order fluctuations, 0.25-0.4 Hz) [3,5], But in addition, a third characteristic perfusion rhythm in the range of 0.1-0.2 Hz appears after an individually dif ferent transition period [3,4], It is called the ca. 0.15-Hz rhythm (caO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15HzR is highly stable and can not be interrupted by voluntary alterations of respiration (i.e. apnea or hyperventilation) and is not only visible in the photoplcthysmographic signal, but also in records of the temporal fluctuations in heart rate and in the slope of systolic photopulse increment, a signal reflecting myocar dial inotropic reaction [3], Occasionally, the ca0.15HzR can present a beat phenomenon as the expression of the superposition of at least two periodic fluctuations with frequencies situated very close to each other [3,4], The exact origin of the ca0.15HzR still remains un clear; it has to be comprehended as a multicausal phe nomenon which is self-organized and self-amplified by iteration and feedback mechanisms within the driven arterial 'Windkessel' system. But there may be some evi dence that the multidimensional neuronal unspecific reti cular brainstem network (URBN) exhibits with the ca0.15HzR an own background rhythm under the condi tions of minimized peripheral afferent and cortical inputs [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The highly stable dynamics of this rhythm can, of course, transfer rhythmically modulated information from the URBN to the mechanical cardiovascular effec tors, but also by reafferencc via the baroreceptors back to the URBN. Thus, in the fashion of a resonance phenome non, the above-mentioned iteration and feedback mecha nisms lead to an amplification and to a relative abstrac tion of the phenomenon from its original source [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-Term Registration of Cutaneous Microcirculation during General Anesthesia

Ziege

Schmid‐Schönbein²,

Grebe³

et al. 1997

Int J Microcirc

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The temporal dynamics of the systemic arterial pressure can be monitored non-invasively from the skin of the earlobe or forehead by photoplethysmography under the provision that the active control of the microcirculatory perfusion is eliminated. Using this approach, we have been able to detect a highly stable blood pressure rhythm in the range of 0.15 Hz during psychophysical relaxation or sleep. The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence and behavior of blood pressure rhythms below 0.2 Hz during general anesthesia. In 30 patients (ASA groups I–II) undergoing basic surgical procedures, photoplethysmographic recordings from the earlobe were made during the whole time of anesthesia. The recorded signals were divided into segments of 200 s of duration, the temporal structure of which was analyzed by fast Fourier transform. Different characteristic patterns of rhythmical behavior were detected: (1) absence of activity below 0.2 Hz (‘low-frequency range’); (2) slow sinusoidal rhythmicity below 0.05 Hz; (3) ‘chaotic’ behavior, i.e. multiple incoherent fluctuations without stationary periods or amplitudes; (4) short-term rhythmical activity at about 0.15 Hz, and (5) long-term rhythmical activity at about 0.15 Hz. In patients sufficiently sedated to eliminate low-frequency activity, rhythmicity could sometimes be triggered by certain surgical stimuli, the response to which was suppressed by injection of opioids. The data presented strongly suggest that rhythmical perfusion patterns of the cutaneous microcirculation could serve as an indicator for the depth of anesthesia.

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Section: Cutaneous Microcirculation During Anesthesiamentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%