The high-grade Las Cruces copper deposit, Spain: a product of secondary enrichment in an evolving basin

Tornos, Fernando; Velasco, Francisco; Slack, John F.; Delgado, Antonio; Gomez-Miguelez, Nieves; Escobar, Juan Manuel Toro; Gómez, Carmelo

doi:10.1007/s00126-016-0650-3

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…Factors that currently stimulate microbial life in the Las Cruces deposit include relatively high temperatures of up to 100-120 °C (Tornos et al, 2017) that can increase the metabolic rate of some sulfate reducers (Stetter, 1996) and location of the mineralization within a zone of fluid mixing having large redox and chemical gradients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The temperature of secondary mineralization has fluctuated between ca. 30-40 °C and 100-120 °C (Tornos et al, 2017). The cementation zone is capped by a rock composed of carbonates, galena, and iron sulfides that has been attributed previously to biogenic modification of a former gossan below the sealing marl (Tornos et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Other studies have postulated, on indirect evidence from sulfur isotopes, a biogenic influence in the formation of secondary copper, gold, silver, and zinc deposits (Melchiorre and Williams, 2001;Bawden et al, 2003;Rainbow et al, 2006). Yesares et al, 2014;Tornos et al, 2017). The secondary ore includes a low-grade cementation zone in which the secondary copper-rich minerals replace the massive sulfides, and more restricted fault-related veins containing massive chalcocite or covellite (Figs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since ca. Ma, acidic descending waters derived from oxidation of the outcropping massive sulfides mixed with alkaline, anoxic, and hot waters that flowed upward along faults (Tornos et al, 2017). Deposition during the Messinian of an unconformable layer of marl changed the hydrology of the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do microbes control the formation of giant copper deposits?

Tornos

Oggerin

Rı́os

et al. 2018

Geology

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The formation of secondary copper deposits, the source of more than half of the world's production, is usually interpreted as abiogenic. In this study of the Las Cruces deposit (SW Spain), in-situ hybridization and SEM analysis, together with integrated genomic and bioinformatic studies on cultures, provide compelling evidence that a microbial community controls the nowadays formation of the secondary copper mineralization. The cementation zone of this deposit contains abundant microbial life dominated by sulfate-reducing bacteria that coexist with methanogens and with other prokaryotes having unknown roles. Fractures in the primary massive sulfides are coated by extracellular polymeric substances in which the microbial cells are embedded.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do microbes control the formation of giant copper deposits?

Tornos

Oggerin

Rı́os

et al. 2018

Geology

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“…Например, зона окисления над слепыми рудными телами может иметь редуцированную и неотчетливую зональность с необычной минералогией [Belogub et al, 2008]. Специфичными оказываются зоны окисления погребенных залежей [Tornos et al, 2017]. В южной части ЛИТОЛОГИЯ И ПОЛЕЗНЫЕ ИСКОПАЕМЫЕ № 1 2019 ЖЕЛЕЗНАЯ ШЛЯПА ЮБИЛЕЙНОГО Урала ряд зон окисления перекрыты морскими осадками.…”

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Gossan of the Yubileynoe massive sulfide deposit (South Urals): evidence for formation on the seafloor

Новоселов

Belogub

Садыков

et al. 2019

Литология и полезные ископаемые

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Oxidation zone of the Yubileinoe massive sulfide deposit, South Urals, is buried beneath Jurassic sediments containing coalified plant remains. Mineralogy of gossan of this deposit is marked by the abundance of siderite. The carbon isotope composition (δ13C) in siderite varies from -20.0 to -23.4‰ PDB, which is close to δ13C variation in coals from the overlying sediments (-23.5 to -26.2‰ PDB). The formation of siderite is likely related to interaction between solutions of the Triassic oxidation zone and fermentation products of the organic matter.

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