The high efficacy of luliconazole against environmental and otomycosis Aspergillus flavus strains

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Luliconazole is currently confirmed for the topical therapy of dermatophytosis. Moreover, it is found that luliconazole has in vitro activity against some molds and yeast species. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of luliconazole in comparison to routine used antifungals on clinical and environmental isolates of Aspergillus flavus.
 Materials and Methods: Thirty eight isolates of A. flavus (18 environmental and 20 clinical isolates) were detected based
 on morphological and microscopic features and also PCR-sequencing of β-tubulin ribosomal DNA gene. All the isolates
 were tested against luliconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B and caspofungin. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC),
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 90
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 MIC50, MIC
 isolates.
 
 and MIC Geometric (GM) were calculated using CLSI M38-A2 protocol for both environmental and clinical
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 GM
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Results: Luliconazole with extremely low MIC range, 0.00049-0.00781 μg/mL and MIC
 
 0.00288 μg/mL showed very
 
 strong activity against both clinical and environmental A. flavus isolates. Moreover, voriconazole inhibited 100% of isolates at defined epidemiological cutoff values (ECV ≤ 2 µg/ml). 50% and 27.8% of clinical and environmental isolates of A. flavus, were resistant to caspofungin, respectively. Whereas, all the isolates were found to be resistant to amphotericin B.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 GM
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Conclusion: The analysis of our data clearly indicated that luliconazole (with MIC
 
 0.00244 µg/ml for clinical and 0.00336
 
 μg/ml for environmental isolates) had the highest in vitro activity against A. flavus strains.

Multicenter Study of Susceptibility of Aspergillus Species Isolated from Iranian University Hospitals to Seven Antifungal Agents

“…The MIC GM (geometric mean) values for species of Aspergillus section Flavi were reported as 0.009 μg/mL for LUL, 0.10 μg/mL for POS, 0.16 μg/mL for ISA, 0.24 μg/mL for ITR, 0.27 μg/mL for VOR, and 1.8 μg/mL for AMB ( 24 ). Moslem and Mahmoudabadi reported a MIC range for LUL in A. flavus isolates of 0.00049 to 0.00781 μg/mL, and the ECV for VOR was ≤ 2 μg/mL ( 25 ). Furthermore, 50% of A. flavus clinical isolates were found to be resistant to CAS ( 25 ).…”

“…Moslem and Mahmoudabadi reported a MIC range for LUL in A. flavus isolates of 0.00049 to 0.00781 μg/mL, and the ECV for VOR was ≤ 2 μg/mL ( 25 ). Furthermore, 50% of A. flavus clinical isolates were found to be resistant to CAS ( 25 ). The discrepancies between these data and the results of our study in Iran could be due to the management of antifungal drug use in each region.…”

“…Five (3.3 %) strains of A. fumigatus species analyzed by Nabili et al showed cross-resistance to ITR, VOR, and POS ( 30 ). Moslem and Mahmoudabadi reported the resistance to two different classes of antifungals, AMB and CAS, for 15 cases ( 25 ). Similar to other studies, Aspergillus species with high MIC values for two or three azole antifungal agents were observed in the present study.…”

Mycoviruses in Fungi: Carcinogenesis of Fungal Agents May Not Always Be Mycotoxin Related

“…However, the same exposure can result in serious pathogenic effects in individuals with certain underlying diseases such as cancer or immune deficiency disorders. Until recently, the major known direct pathogenic effects of Aspergillus species have included allergies, toxicities, and a variety of infections [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ,…”