The high current cyclotron complex for an electronuclear way of production of energy

Abstract

The prospects of development of an electronuclear method of energy production are considered. The tentative estimation show, that use of accelerators with energy of the protons beam (1-10) MW enables to gain a thermal power of subcritical assembly up to 1GW. In this case as divided materials are used Th 232 [1] or U 238 [2,6], which stores essentially exceed stores of isotopes used in a nuclear power engineering now (U 235 , U 233 ).The offered accelerator -cyclotron complex -now is the cheapest and reliable installation for producing of proton beams with power of some MW. A peak current 1.8 mA (W=590 MeV) of the accelerated protons on a cyclotron PSI (Switzerland) shows that the key physical problems for producing such a beam on a cyclotron are solved.The basic parameters of the complex are based on the results of development of the project "Supercyclotron" which was made in 80 -90 years. The offered complex consists of three isochronous cyclotrons with final energies of protons 15, 60 and 800 MeV. ELECTRONUCLEAR WAY OF ENERGY PRODUCTION IntroductionIn spite of the fact that use of an atomic energy production inevitably reduces in occurrence of radioactive contamination of a medium, already now nuclear power resources of the developed countries make in France -75 %, in Belgium -60 %, in Sweden -46 %, in German -33 %, in Japan -26 %, in USA -21 %, in Russia 14 % [3] from common energy consumption.The basis of an atomic energy production is the process of fission of transuranium elements, at which the thermal energy makes 0.8 MeV/nucl, that corresponds to a modification of a binding energy of nucleons in the kernel at fission. Taking into account that the mass of a nucleon is equal 1,67*10 -24 g, and 1MeV = 1,6*10 -13 J, indicated there thermal energy corresponds 7,66*10 10 kJ/kg, or 1,83*10 7 kcal/kg (thermal energy at burning 1Kg of coal are equal 8*10 3 kcal).The effectiveness of nuclear fuel is determined by a type of a nuclear reaction. So, for example, for a thermonuclear fusion reaction (d, T) the complete energy release makes 17,6 MeV on five nucleons [4], participating in process, that is 3,52 MeV/nucl, that fore times more than an energy release of process of fission. However, as in a fusion reaction the neutron carries away 14,1 MeV, this energy advantage, in comparison with a response of fission, can be implemented, only at use of these neutrons in a reaction of fission. The technological difficulties at making long-lived, dense and hightemperature plasma are not overcome completely, despite of numerous investigations in many physical laboratories.Investigations of a possibility of use obtained on accelerators µ-mesons for a fusion reaction (µ-d, T) have shown, that the sum of input and output energy at the present stage of this investigations not effective, as the expenditures of an energy on production one µ-meson (5±1) GeV [5], and the amount of fusion reactions during life -meson does not exceed 160.Thus, the nuclear power engineering will be based in the foreseeable future on processes of...

Cyclotron beam extraction by acceleration

“…Despite these issues, isochronous cyclotrons are attractive for the production of high intensity CW beams, due to their superior energy efficiency [22], their small footprint, and their relatively low cost. Therefore the use of cylotrons for the production of high intensity beams has been suggested in various projects, typically aiming for several mA of beam current at energies between 600 MeV and 1 GeV, for instance for ADS systems, neutron production and also neutrino physics [23][24][25][26]. A cyclotron facility that often serves as a proof-of-principle-machine for these objectives is the high intensity proton accelerator (HIPA) facility of the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) in Switzerland, which provides up to 2.4 mA of protons at 590 MeV [27].…”