The High Cost of Stroke and Stroke Cytoprotection Research

Lapchak, Paul A.; Zhang, Junyi

doi:10.1007/s12975-016-0518-y

Cited by 94 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 129 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…Stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. More than 80% of strokes are ischemic and are caused by obstruction of one or more cerebral arteries [ 1 , 2 ]. Lack of blood supply deprives the brain cells of necessary glucose and oxygen, and disturbs cellular homeostasis, culminating in neuronal death.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondria in Ischemic Stroke: New Insight and Implications

et al. 2018

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Stroke is the leading cause of death and adult disability worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been regarded as one of the hallmarks of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced neuronal death. Maintaining the function of mitochondria is crucial in promoting neuron survival and neurological improvement. In this article, we review current progress regarding the roles of mitochondria in the pathological process of cerebral I/R injury. In particular, we emphasize on the most critical mechanisms responsible for mitochondrial quality control, as well as the recent findings on mitochondrial transfer in acute stroke. We highlight the potential of mitochondria as therapeutic targets for stroke treatment and provide valuable insights for clinical strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondria in Ischemic Stroke: New Insight and Implications

et al. 2018

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“…Acute ischemic stroke contributes substantially to the global burden of disease and disability with the aging of the population [ 1 , 2 ]. The cost of stroke and Stroke cytoprotection were high, with a global stroke incidence of 10.3–16.9 million annually and a high risk for recurrence in patients who suffer an acute stroke [ 3 , 4 ]. Large-artery atherosclerosis subtype is one of the main types of acute ischemic stroke.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum cystatin C is associated with large cerebral artery stenosis in acute ischemic stroke

Leng

Yang

et al. 2017

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Large cerebral artery stenosis is a major cause of acute ischemic stroke (AIS); however, the correlation between serum cystatin C (CysC) and the stenosis of large cerebral arteries in patients with AIS has not been established. We performed a retrospective review of acute ischemic stroke patients, who were examined by cerebral digital subtraction angiography(DSA). Participants (252 cases) included 131 patients without stenosis and 121 patients with large cerebral artery stenosis. Serum CysC levels in patients with large cerebral artery stenosis were much higher than that of control subjects (p<0.001). However, serum CysC levels were not related to the location of stenosis. Further, logistic regression analyses showed that increased serum CysC was an independent risk factor of large cerebral artery stenosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Total participants were subdivided into quintiles based on serum CysC levels. Compared with the first quintile, the odds ratios of risk for large cerebral artery stenosis in the fourth and the fifth quintile were 1.26 (p<0.05) and 4.71(p<0.05) respectively, after the adjustment for age, sex, and smoking, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM), dyslipidemia, creatinine(Cr), urea, uric acid, and C reactive protein(CRP). Therefore, a significant positive correlation was observed between elevated serum CysC levels and large cerebral artery stenosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke. In summary, our findings provide new insights into the correlation between increased serum CysC and large cerebral artery stenosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

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“…Stroke is a clinical syndrome that has diverse causes,7 and acute ischemic stroke has become a major problem worldwide 8. Anesthetics have made leading advances in developments of experimental models of stroke 9.…”

Section: Isoflurane Shows Neuroprotection In Various Stroke Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotection provided by isoflurane pre-conditioning and post-conditioning

et al. 2017

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Isoflurane, a volatile and inhalational anesthetic, has been extensively used in perioperative period for several decades. A large amount of experimental studies have indicated that isoflurane exhibits neuroprotective properties when it is administrated before or after (pre-conditioning and post-conditioning) neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., hypoxic ischemia, stroke and trauma). Multiple mechanisms are involved in isoflurane induced neuroprotection, including activation of glycine and γ-aminobutyric acid receptors, antagonism of ionic channels and alteration of the function and activity of other cellular proteins. Although neuroprotection provided by isoflurane is observed in many animal studies, convincing evidence is lacking in human trials. Therefore, there is still a long way to go before translating its neuroprotective properties into clinical practice.

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The High Cost of Stroke and Stroke Cytoprotection Research

Cited by 94 publications

References 129 publications

Mitochondria in Ischemic Stroke: New Insight and Implications

Mitochondria in Ischemic Stroke: New Insight and Implications

Serum cystatin C is associated with large cerebral artery stenosis in acute ischemic stroke

Neuroprotection provided by isoflurane pre-conditioning and post-conditioning

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