The hierarchic structure in schizotypy and the five-factor model of personality

Asai, Tomohisa; Sugimori, Eriko; Bando, Naoko; Tanno, Yoshihiko

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2009.07.018

Cited by 52 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 63 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The link between cognitive disorganization and conscientiousness has been previously found in research investigating the relationship of schizotypy traits with broader trait dimensions. Indeed this is in line with the fully dimensional approach advocating schizotypy as a personality trait observable in a non-clinical population (Asai et al, 2011). In our data industriousness (a lower-level trait of conscientiousness) was significantly correlated with cognitive disorganization and when we controlled for either traits, the relation with mean percept no longer existed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Personality Measures Link Slower Binocular Rivalry Switch Rates to Higher Levels of Self-Discipline

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this paper we investigated the relation between personality and the rate of perceptual alternations during binocular rivalry. Studies have demonstrated that slower rivalry alternations are associated with a range of clinical conditions. It is less clear whether rivalry dynamics similarly co-vary with individual differences in psychological traits seen across non-clinical population. We assessed rivalry rates in a non-clinical population (n = 149) and found slower rivalry alternations were positively related r(149) = 0.20, p = 0.01 to industriousness, a trait characterized by a high level of self-discipline using the Big Five Aspect Scales (BFAS). Switch rates were also negatively related r(149) = −0.20, p = 0.01 to cognitive disorganization, a schizotypy trait capturing schizophrenia-like symptoms of disorganization using the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE). Furthermore, we showed that that these relations with personality were unaffected by the inclusion or exclusion of mixed percept in the response analysis. Together these results are relevant to theoretical models of rivalry investigating individual differences in rivalry temporal dynamics and they may reduce concerns about the impact of task compliance in clinical research using rivalry as a potential diagnostic tool.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Personality Measures Link Slower Binocular Rivalry Switch Rates to Higher Levels of Self-Discipline

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, associations between schizotypy and SPEM deficits have been demonstrated with different schizotypy scales, for example, Chapman Scales [Chapman et al, 1976[Chapman et al, , 1978Eckblad and Chapman, 1983; see Gooding et al, 2000;Holahan and O'Driscoll, 2005;O'Driscoll et al, 1998;Smyrnis et al, 2007], SPQ [Raine, 1991;see Kattoulas et al, 2011;Lenzenweger and O'Driscoll, 2006;Smyrnis et al, 2007] or Schizotypic Syndrome Questionnaire (SSQ) [van Kampen, 2006;see van Kampen and Deijen, 2009]. Furthermore, O-LIFE and SPQ sum scales are highly correlated (r 5 0.81), which suggests that both measure nearly the same concept of schizotypy [Asai et al, 2011]. As the items of the O-LIFE are, however, easier to be endorsed by members of the general population [Grant et al, 2013] and not, as in the SPQ, based on clinical criteria for schizotypal personality disorder [Raine, 1991], we would assume differences in schizotypal traits between our high and low groups to be less pronounced than had, for example, the SPQ been used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural mechanisms of smooth pursuit eye movements in schizotypy

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Patients with schizophrenia as well as individuals with high levels of schizotypy are known to have deficits in smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM). Here, we investigated, for the first time, the neural mechanisms underlying SPEM performance in high schizotypy. Thirty-one healthy participants [N = 19 low schizotypes, N = 12 high schizotypes (HS)] underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3T with concurrent oculographic recording while performing a SPEM task with sinusoidal stimuli at two velocities (0.2 and 0.4 Hz). Behaviorally, a significant interaction between schizotypy group and velocity was found for frequency of saccades during SPEM, indicating impairments in HS in the slow but not the fast condition. On the neural level, HS demonstrated lower brain activation in different regions of the occipital lobe known to be associated with early sensory and attentional processing and motion perception (V3A, middle occipital gyrus, and fusiform gyrus). This group difference in neural activation was independent of target velocity. Together, these findings replicate the observation of altered pursuit performance in highly schizotypal individuals and, for the first time, identify brain activation patterns accompanying these performance changes. These posterior activation differences are compatible with evidence of motion processing deficits from the schizophrenia literature and, therefore, suggest overlap between schizotypy and schizophrenia both on cognitive-perceptual and neurophysiological levels. However, deficits in frontal motor areas observed during pursuit in schizophrenia were not seen here, suggesting the operation of additional genetic and/or illness-related influences in the clinical disorder.

show abstract

“…Interestingly, this association between creativity and schizotypal traits is also observed in bipolar patients, who score higher than controls on several measures of schizotypy [116,125,126]. Several of the personality traits discussed above with relationships to creativity, namely, neuroticism, openness, and cyclothymic temperament, are correlated with positive schizotypal traits [127,128,129]. Openness also demonstrated high sibling correlations in a study of multigenerational SZ families, as well as high heritability [130].…”

Section: Bipolar Disorder Schizophrenia and Their Common Connectionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Positive Traits in the Bipolar Spectrum: The Space between Madness and Genius

Greenwood¹

2016

Complex Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bipolar disorder is a severe, lifelong mood disorder for which little is currently understood of the genetic mechanisms underlying risk. By examining related dimensional phenotypes, we may further our understanding of the disorder. Creativity has a historical connection with the bipolar spectrum and is particularly enhanced among unaffected first-degree relatives and those with bipolar spectrum traits. This suggests that some aspects of the bipolar spectrum may confer advantages, while more severe expressions of symptoms negatively influence creative accomplishment. Creativity is a complex, multidimensional construct with both cognitive and affective components, many of which appear to reflect a shared genetic vulnerability with bipolar disorder. It is suggested that a subset of bipolar risk variants confer advantages as positive traits according to an inverted-U-shaped curve with clinically unaffected allele carriers benefitting from the positive traits and serving to maintain the risk alleles in the population. The association of risk genes with creativity in healthy individuals (e.g., NRG1), as well as an overall sharing of common genetic variation between bipolar patients and creative individuals, provides support for this model. Current findings are summarized from a multidisciplinary perspective to demonstrate the feasibility of research in this area to reveal the mechanisms underlying illness.

show abstract

The hierarchic structure in schizotypy and the five-factor model of personality

Cited by 52 publications

References 63 publications

Personality Measures Link Slower Binocular Rivalry Switch Rates to Higher Levels of Self-Discipline

Personality Measures Link Slower Binocular Rivalry Switch Rates to Higher Levels of Self-Discipline

Neural mechanisms of smooth pursuit eye movements in schizotypy

Positive Traits in the Bipolar Spectrum: The Space between Madness and Genius

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About