The hidden wounds of childhood trauma

Danese, Andrea; Harmelen, Anne‐Laura van

doi:10.1080/20008198.2017.1375840

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Through their impact on the brain, proinflammatory biomarkers are thought to play a role in initiating and perpetuating mental health disorders [90,[102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109]. While low inflammation appears protective towards the development of mental disorders, there is currently no empirical evidence to support the notion that low levels of proinflammatory biomarkers facilitate resilient functioning after CM in humans.…”

Section: The Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The complex neurobiology of resilient functioning after childhood maltreatment

Ioannidis

Askelund

Kievit

et al. 2020

BMC Med

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115

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Background: Childhood maltreatment has been associated with significant impairment in social, emotional and behavioural functioning later in life. Nevertheless, some individuals who have experienced childhood maltreatment function better than expected given their circumstances. Main body: Here, we provide an integrated understanding of the complex, interrelated mechanisms that facilitate such individual resilient functioning after childhood maltreatment. We aim to show that resilient functioning is not facilitated by any single 'resilience biomarker'. Rather, resilient functioning after childhood maltreatment is a product of complex processes and influences across multiple levels, ranging from 'bottom-up' polygenetic influences, to 'top-down' supportive social influences. We highlight the complex nature of resilient functioning and suggest how future studies could embrace a complexity theory approach and investigate multiple levels of biological organisation and their temporal dynamics in a longitudinal or prospective manner. This would involve using methods and tools that allow the characterisation of resilient functioning trajectories, attractor states and multidimensional/multilevel assessments of functioning. Such an approach necessitates large, longitudinal studies on the neurobiological mechanisms of resilient functioning after childhood maltreatment that cut across and integrate multiple levels of explanation (i.e. genetics, endocrine and immune systems, brain structure and function, cognition and environmental factors) and their temporal interconnections. Conclusion: We conclude that a turn towards complexity is likely to foster collaboration and integration across fields. It is a promising avenue which may guide future studies aimed to promote resilience in those who have experienced childhood maltreatment.

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Section: The Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The complex neurobiology of resilient functioning after childhood maltreatment

Ioannidis

Askelund

Kievit

et al. 2020

BMC Med

Self Cite

115

111

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“…The editorial by Danese and van Harmelen (2017) briefly comments on how childhood trauma can be translated into a biological risk for psychopathology (i.e. hidden wounds), which may aid the understanding of childhood trauma.…”

Section: Childhood Maltreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, childhood trauma may have a long-term impact on the immune system (see also Olff & van Zuiden, 2017) as a result of greater amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli, which activates immune cells and the enduring systemic inflammatory response. Danese and van Harmelen (2017) describe the associated clinical implications in terms of both secondary and tertiary prevention if inflammation explains the link between childhood trauma and later mental and physical health.…”

Section: Childhood Maltreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child maltreatment across the lifespan

Hansen

Olff

2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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The present editorial introduces selected research for a special issue covering the 15th Annual Meeting of the European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) 2017, ‘Child Maltreatment across the Lifespan’. Unfortunately, childhood maltreatment is highly prevalent around the world. Exposure to child maltreatment is associated with a considerable risk of developing a wide range of psychopathologies. Thus, preventing child maltreatment and offering early treatment to victims is an important and promising area in reducing the risk of psychopathology. The 10 articles included in the special issue focus on different important areas related to the topic of child maltreatment. These include a biological and systemic understanding of maltreatment, a globalization perspective, and contributions on diagnosis and treatment, with implications for clinical practice. Furthermore, the special issue includes an update on ICD-11 and implications associated with the implementation of ICD-11. Future research recommendations are provided to underline the enduring need to promote and undertake research into all aspects of child maltreatment.

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“… 17 These cytokines play a key role in stress reactivity and stress recovery. 18 Specifically, proinflammatory cytokines stimulate the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis to release glucocorticoid hormones such as cortisol. Glucocorticoids, in turn, suppress the further release of cytokines from the immune system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RAISE study protocol: a cross-sectional, multilevel, neurobiological study of resilience after individual stress exposure

et al. 2021

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IntroductionThis paper describes the protocol for an ongoing project funded by the Royal Society, the Resilience After Individual Stress Exposure (RAISE) study; which aims to examine the factors and mechanisms that facilitate resilient functioning after childhood adversity (CA).Methods and analysisWe aim to recruit up to 200 participants. We will use dimension reduction techniques (principal component analysis) on standard-normally transformed individual parameters of mental health, social functioning and CA to calculate a composite measure of adaptive (ie, ‘resilient’) psychosocial functioning. To examine the neuroimmune responses to stress and their relationship with the brain and social environment, we will use a well validated functional MRI task; the Montreal imaging stress task and venepuncture. We will run group or dimensional comparisons in multiple levels of biological and psychological outcomes, as well as mediation and moderation analyses to study how key biological systems (ie, the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and the immune system) interrelate and interact with brain function and social influences in order to facilitate resilient functioning after CA. We hypothesise that resilient functioning will be facilitated by reduced morning cortisol and cytokine levels before and after the stressor and improved neural responses to such stress, as well as increased gray matter volume in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, enhanced inhibitory control and emotion regulation, and more friendship and family support.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been reviewed and given favourable opinion by the National Research Ethics Service, NRES Committee East of England-Cambridge Central and external reviewers from the Royal Society (RGF\R1\180064 and RGF\EA\180029). The results of the RAISE study will be disseminated through (1) publications in scientific peer reviewed journals, (2) presentations on relevant scientific conferences and meetings, (3) publications and presentations for the general public and (4) through social media.

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The hidden wounds of childhood trauma

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

The complex neurobiology of resilient functioning after childhood maltreatment

The complex neurobiology of resilient functioning after childhood maltreatment

Child maltreatment across the lifespan

RAISE study protocol: a cross-sectional, multilevel, neurobiological study of resilience after individual stress exposure

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