The hidden faces of a biological invasion: parasite dynamics of invaders and natives

Stuart, Peter; Paredis, Linda; Henttonen, Heikki; Lawton, Colin; Torres, Claudia A. Ochoa; Holland, Celia V.

doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.11.003

Cited by 20 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Invasion by exotic species is another phenomenon capable of profoundly altering both host-parasite interactions and ecosystems. Introduced animals may (i) bring their parasites and transfer them to native hosts (spill-over), intensifying the negative impact on native host populations and changing their parasite communities; (ii) lose all or most of their parasites (enemy release) and obtain an advantage over native species; and (iii) acquire local native parasites and induce a spillback or a dilution effect on native hosts [50,[72][73][74][75][76]. In all the aforementioned scenarios, parasites may affect or even drive the invasion dynamics with repercussions on host and non-host species, and biodiversity in general [77][78][79].…”

Section: Ecological Importance Of Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ecological Importance of Amphipod–Parasite Associations for Aquatic Ecosystems

Giari

Fano

Castaldelli

et al. 2020

Water

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Amphipods are a key component of aquatic ecosystems due to their distribution, abundance and ecological role. They also serve as hosts for many micro- and macro-parasites. The importance of parasites and the necessity to include them in ecological studies has been increasingly recognized in the last two decades by ecologists and conservation biologists. Parasites are able to alter survival, growth, feeding, mobility, mating, fecundity and stressors’ response of their amphipod hosts. In addition to their modulating effects on host population size and dynamics, parasites affect community structure and food webs in different ways: by increasing the susceptibility of amphipods to predation, by quantitatively and qualitatively changing the host diet, and by modifying competitive interactions. Human-induced stressors such as climate change, pollution and species introduction that affect host–parasite equilibrium, may enhance or reduce the infection effects on hosts and ecosystems. The present review illustrates the importance of parasites for ecosystem processes using examples from aquatic environments and amphipods as a host group. As seen from the literature, amphipod–parasite systems are likely a key component of ecological processes, but more quantitative data from natural populations and field evidence are necessary to support the results obtained by experimental research.

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Section: Ecological Importance Of Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ecological Importance of Amphipod–Parasite Associations for Aquatic Ecosystems

Giari

Fano

Castaldelli

et al. 2020

Water

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“…Additionally, given that parasites tend to be spatially aggregated in their environment (Sherrard-Smith et al ., 2015), it is possible that differences in subsite sample sizes between 2015 and 2017 resulted in differences in detection between years. Nonetheless, our findings of low helminth diversity at the invasion front support theoretical predictions (Phillips et al ., 2010; White & Perkins, 2012) and other empirical studies (Gendron et al ., 2012; Loxton et al ., 2016; David et al ., 2018; Stuart et al ., 2020) that demonstrate that parasite diversity is lowest in most recently invaded parts of the range. These findings also fit the colonization time hypothesis that areas recently colonized by host species have the lowest diversity of parasites (Guégan and Kennedy, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parasite diversity of an invasive host varies across its invasive range and is expected to be lowest at the expanding edge of the range (the invasion front) (White & Perkins, 2012; David et al ., 2018; Stuart et al ., 2020). Host density at an invasion front is typically low, which inhibits parasite transmission, and parasites are likely to lag behind the establishment of their invasive hosts or be lost along the invasion corridor due to stochastic events or transience of hosts (Phillips et al ., 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While parasites of invasive species are typically lost during the invasion process, invaders often acquire novel parasites as they are exposed to the local parasite community in their invasive range (Sheath et al ., 2015; Gendron & Marcogliese, 2016; Loxton et al ., 2016). Invasive species usually do not accumulate a sufficient number of local parasite species to replace the lost parasite diversity (Torchin & Mitchell, 2004; Loxton et al ., 2016; Schoeman et al ., 2019; Stuart et al ., 2020) (although see Gendron et al ., 2012; Lacerda et al ., 2013). This may be due to low competency of invasive hosts for native parasites (Paterson et al ., 2013; Tierney et al ., 2020) or the absence of host-specific parasites in the invaded range (Kennedy & Bush, 1994; Torchin & Mitchell, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evidence for enemy release in invasive common daceLeuciscus leuciscusin Ireland: a helminth community survey and systematic review

Caffrey¹,

Matthews

Costantini

et al. 2020

J. Helminthol.

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Invasive species lose parasites in the process of invasion and tend to be less parasitized than conspecifics in the native range and sympatric native species in the invasive range (enemy release). We evaluated enemy release in an invasive freshwater fish in Ireland, common dace Leuciscus leuciscus, using helminth parasite community surveys at the core and front of the invasive range of common dace. Furthermore, we undertook a systematic literature review of helminth infection in common dace across its native range in Great Britain and Europe and invasive range in Ireland. The helminth parasite community survey revealed that invasive common dace were infected with fewer helminth species at the invasion front than at the core. Four helminth taxa – Acanthocephala, Monogenea, Digenea and Nematoda – were present in dace at the invasion core compared to only a single helminth species (Pomphorhynchus tereticollis) at the front. The systematic review revealed that invasive common dace in Ireland hosted fewer species of helminths than common dace in the native range. We report a total of three helminth species in common dace in Ireland compared to 24 in Great Britain and 84 in Continental Europe. Our results support the hypotheses that invasive populations are less parasitized than native populations and that more recently established populations host fewer parasites. However, we demonstrate that invasive species may continue to experience release from parasites long after initial invasion.

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“…Importantly, they point to three habitat features that are likely to vary at spatial scales and influence immune function: (a) parasite pressure, (b) abiotic and biotic factors and (c) anthropogenic changes. For example, a recent study in Ireland found lower parasite diversity and burden in invasive bank voles at their expansion front when compared to individuals at the core (Stuart et al., 2020). Likewise, abiotic and biotic habitat features, such as resources and population density, can vary markedly over short and long spatial scales and modify energy availability and allocation (Forbes et al., 2016).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Ecoimmunology at spatial scales

Forbes

2020

Journal of Animal Ecology

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In Focus Becker, D. J., Albery, G. F., Kessler, M. K., Lunn, T. J., Falvo, C. A., Czirják, G. Á., Martin, L. B., & Plowright, R. K. (2020). Macroimmunology: The drivers and consequences of spatial patterns in wildlife immune defence. Journal of Animal Ecology, 89, 972–995. Ecoimmunology seeks to identify and explain natural variation in immune function. Most research so far has focused on differences among individuals within populations, which are often driven by trade‐offs in resource allocation between energetically costly immunity and competing processes such as reproduction. In their review article, Becker et al. (2020) have proposed a framework to explicitly address habitat‐ and population‐level differences in wildlife immune phenotypes. Termed macroimmunology, this concept integrates principles from ecoimmunology and macroecology. Becker et al. (2020) have highlighted three non‐mutually exclusive habitat features that are likely to vary at spatial scales and influence immune function: (a) parasite pressure, (b) abiotic and biotic factors and (c) anthropogenic changes. However, a large and robust body of literature suitable for synthesis to detect macroimmunology patterns and effect sizes is not yet available. Through their systematic review and critical assessment, Becker et al. (2020) identified common problems in existing research that hinders spatial inferences, such as a need for spatial replication in study design and statistical analyses that account for spatial dependence. Overall, macroimmunology has the potential to identify and even predict spatial patterns in immune phenotypes that form the mechanistic underpinnings of important wildlife disease processes, and this review represents an important step to realizing these goals.

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The hidden faces of a biological invasion: parasite dynamics of invaders and natives

Cited by 20 publications

References 53 publications

The Ecological Importance of Amphipod–Parasite Associations for Aquatic Ecosystems

The Ecological Importance of Amphipod–Parasite Associations for Aquatic Ecosystems

Evidence for enemy release in invasive common daceLeuciscus leuciscusin Ireland: a helminth community survey and systematic review

Ecoimmunology at spatial scales

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