The Hibernation of the Oak Mildew

Kerling, L. C. P.

doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.1966.tb00214.x

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Fabre et al (2011) provide a perfect synchrony. This symptom has been reported in several European regions (Woodward et al 1929;Foex 1941;Kerling 1966). A recent survey showed that this particular life cycle is infrequent in France (0.2-0.5 % of the seedlings in about 50 % of oak natural regenerations) and is strictly associated with E. quercicola .…”

Section: Other Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 62%

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European oak powdery mildew: impact on trees, effects of environmental factors, and potential effects of climate change

Marçais

Desprez‐Loustau

2012

Annals of Forest Science

140

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• Context Powdery mildew is one of the most common diseases of oaks in Europe. After alarming reports in the beginning of the twentieth century following the presumed introduction of the invasive fungus, the disease has become familiar to foresters. However, its impact may vary greatly according to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. • Aims We aimed at providing updated and synthesised information on the impact of powdery mildew on oak and on the effects of environment on disease. • Methods A comprehensive literature review was performed, including old reports of the early epidemics to more recent data. • Results Tree growth patterns are of critical importance to explain the severity of the disease and the differences between juvenile and mature trees. A critical element, especially for infection of mature trees, is the availability of spores during the production of the first leaf flush. High disease impact is often related to modified growth patterns, either by environmental factors (insects or frost) or silvicultural practices (e.g., coppicing). • Conclusion Powdery mildew can have important impacts in natural oak regenerations and a significant role in decline of mature trees. Climate change might influence the disease severity mainly by altering the host pathogen phenological synchrony. Process-based models are required for reliable predictions.

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Section: Other Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Overwintering usually occurs in bark cracks and ascospores are produced in late spring ). Another overwintering mode is as mycelium in infected buds (Kerling, 1966;Yarwood, 1957). These infected buds develop in spring giving rise to so-called flags shoots, shoots that are severely infected by the pathogen with strong production of conidia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

European oak powdery mildew: impact on trees, effects of environmental factors, and potential effects of climate change

Marçais

Desprez‐Loustau

2012

Annals of Forest Science

140

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“…Thus, oak mildew genotypes that produce their spores after the first oak growth unit is mature might not be counter-selected. Moreover, chasmothecia are not the only inoculum source of oak mildew in spring as the pathogen is known to be also able to overwinter in infected buds (Kerling, 1966) which should reduce the importance of a good synchrony between chasmothecia and oak phenology for E. alphitoides fitness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flag shoots, i.e. infected shoots formed from the development of buds colonised by the pathogen in the previous summer, have been described for oak mildew (Kerling, 1966), but are very infrequent (Marçais, unpublished results) and do not appear to represent substantial inoculum sources in spring. Ascospores released from chasmothecia should be a more frequent source of inoculum as chasmothecia are abundantly formed on infected leaves in autumn.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variabilité phénotypique dans la phénologie de la production d’ascospores entre populations européennes d’oïdium du chêne

Marçais¹,

Kavkova²,

Desprez‐Loustau³

2009

Ann. For. Sci.

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Abstract• Oak powdery mildew severity (Erysiphe alphitoides) is usually mild in Europe because epidemics start late in spring, at the end of the first oak growth unit maturation. However, the disease can occasionally be very severe when strong infection occurs early during the development of the first growth unit, suggesting that host-pathogen synchrony in spring could be a critical factor in disease severity.• We studied the timing of ascospore production in a given environment for four E. alphitoides populations sampled from SW France to the Czech Republic to determine whether this trait shows variation within Europe.• Timing of ascospore production was clearly influenced by environmental factors as chasmothecia from a single origin showed very different dates of optimal ascospore production when transferred for overwintering in locations with different climate. In common garden experiments, no differences were observed between populations for the date of optimal ascospore production.• Results suggest little genetic differentiation for timing of ascospore production for E. alphitoides populations across Europe and therefore a lack of local adaptation to their host phenology. Availability in ascospore inoculum is limited during host budburst, explaining the low infection usually observed on the first oak growth unit. Mots-clés :agent pathogène / arbre forestier / Erisyphe alphitoides / Quercus / synchronisation Résumé -Variabilité phénotypique dans la phénologie de la production d'ascospores entre populations européennes d'oïdium du chêne.• L'oïdium du chêne (Erysiphe alphitoides) est généralement peu sévère en Europe, la maladie se développant tard au printemps, après le débourrement des chênes. E. alphitoides peut toutefois être sévère quand de fortes infections se produisent tôt durant le débourrement, suggérant que la synchronisation entre hôte et pathogène pourrait être un facteur déterminant la sévérité des épidémies.• Nous avons caractérisé la dynamique de production d'ascospores dans un environnement donné pour quatre populations d'E. alphitoides échantillonnées du sud-ouest de la France à la République Tchèque pour tester si ce trait est variable en Europe.• Des chasmothèces d'une même origine présentent des dates d'optima de production d'ascospores très différentes quand elles sont transférées durant l'hiver dans des zones à climats différents montrant que ce trait est sous dépendance de l'environnement. Par contre, les quatre populations ont la même date d'optimum de production d'ascospores quand elles sont placées dans un même environnement.• Les résultats suggèrent que les populations d'E. alphitoides européennes ne sont pas différentiées génétiquement pour le timing de production d'ascospores et donc qu'elles ne sont pas localement adaptées à la phénologie de leur hôte. L'inoculum ascospores est très peu présent durant le débourre-ment, expliquant en partie l'absence d'infection sur la première unité de croissance des chênes.

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“…Taimitarhoilla, joissa taimia kastellaan säännöllisesti, härmää voi esiintyä kasveilla aikaisemmin kuin luonnossa, sillä tartunta vaatii 76-96% suhteellisen ilmankosteuden. Härmät talvehtivat joko rihmastona silmuissa tai ennen lehtien kuivumista niihin muodostuu suvullinen aste, jonka kotelopullot näkyvät mustina pisteinä lehtien pinnalla (Kerling 1966, Nef ja Perrin 1999. Kasvukauden alussa här-mät leviävät pääasiassa suvullisten itiöiden välityk-sellä (Marçais ym.…”

Section: Härmät Lehtien Näivettäjinäunclassified