“…For example, Sema4A regulates proper retina formation [29], correct guidance of hippocampal neurons [30], angiogenesis [18,31], and adaptive immune response [12,13,14,16,19]. On the other hand, the Sema4A pathways are dysregulated in different diseases such as retinal degenerative diseases (retinitis pigmentosa type 35 and cone-rod dystrophy type 10) [29], allergy [10,14,19,22,23], infectious [14,32] and autoimmune diseases [14,26,28], and certain types of cancer [16,33]. The individual impact of each Sema4A-receptor pair in disease pathogenesis and/or progression needs to be dissected separately for the whole picture of Sema4A impact to be envisioned.…”