The HF Channel EM Parameters Estimation Under a Complex Environment Using the Modified IRI and IGRF Model

Estimation of $hmF2$ and $foF2$ Communication Parameters of Ionosphere $F2$-Layer Using GPS Data and IRI-Plas Model

“…During the sunlit hours, all ionosphere layers are available, but when ionization effect of Sun disappears at night, -layer becomes the predominant layer in spite of a decrease in peak electron density [4], [10]. Two main characteristic parameters of this layer are the maximum ionization height (km) and the critical frequency (MHz).…”

“…IRI-Plas model with input and output parameter sets. radio communications [1], [10]. IRI-Plas model estimates critical frequency and height values by analyzing its preset coefficient matrices.…”

“…-layer model estimates are also investigated in the context of HF communications in [9] and [10]. In [10], HF channel electromagnetic parameters are estimated via ray tracing using a modified International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model.…”

Modeling of the Ionospheric Critical Frequency of the F2 layer over Asia based on Modified Temporal‐Spatial Reconstruction

“…Ionosphere is the layer of the atmosphere that lies between 60 and 1,000 km above Earth's surface and comprises three distinct layers, namely, the D layer, E layer, and F layer, which is normally divided into F 1 and F 2 layers (Sezen et al, 2013;Yao et al, 2013). The critical frequency of the F 2 layer (f o F 2 ) is an important characteristic parameter that is widely applied in civil and military fields, such as high-frequency communication (Angling et al, 2009;Yan et al, 2011), satellite communication (Scherliess & Fejer, 1999), navigation (Mitch et al, 2013), timing, radar tracking (Yao et al, 2013), detection, localization (Swamy et al, 2013), and spectrum management (Wang et al, 2013).…”

“…This model has evolved into a number of important editions, including IRI-78 (Rawer et al, 1981), IRI-85, IRI-1990(Bilitza, 1990, IRI-2000(Bilitza, 2001, IRI-2007(Bilitza & Reinisch, 2008, IRI-2012(Bilitza et al, 2014, and IRI-2016 (Bilitza et al, 2017). Moreover, the Asia-Oceania method and its modified version were proposed to describe the monthly median values of f o F 2 and M3000F2, which apply well to the Asia and Oceania region (Cao & Sun, 2009;Yan et al, 2011). Oyeyemi et al (2005Oyeyemi et al ( , 2007; Oyeyemi and McKinnell (2008) and Bai et al (2018) used a neural network and extreme learning machine to develop new models of F 2 layer parameters.…”