The Heterothallic Life Cycle of Agaricus bisporus var. burnettii and the Inheritance of Its Tetrasporic Trait

Kerrigan, Richard W.; Imbernon, Micheline; Callac, Philippe; Billette, Christophe; Olivier, Jean-Marc

doi:10.1006/emyc.1994.1020

Cited by 58 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…Our data, in support of the taxonomic findings of Callac et al (1993), found these two isolates most closely group with other isolates of A. bisporus. Furthermore, MC406 and MC428 are reported to cross with other (two-spored) isolates of A. bisporus (Kerrigan et al, 1994). This supports our belief that the taxonomic scheme of the genus Agaricus, based solely on morphological characters, may be an artificial one.…”

supporting

confidence: 76%

Phylogeny of the GenusAgaricusInferred from Restriction Analysis of Enzymatically Amplified Ribosomal DNA

Bunyard¹,

Nicholson

Royse

1996

Fungal Genetics and Biology

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supporting

confidence: 76%

Phylogeny of the GenusAgaricusInferred from Restriction Analysis of Enzymatically Amplified Ribosomal DNA

Bunyard¹,

Nicholson

Royse

1996

Fungal Genetics and Biology

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“…The population used in our study consisted of 89 second-generation hybrids obtained by crossing the homokaryotic offspring (H i ) of the hybrid JB3-83 ϫ U1-7 with the homokaryon U1-2 (3,10). The parental strains JB3 (wild isolate; ATCC 200853; ARP Collection) and U1 (commercial strain; Somycel, Langeais, France), the first-generation hybrid JB3-83 ϫ U1-7 (11), and three commercial cultivars (Amycel 2100, Euromycel 25, and Euromycel 48) were used as controls in the experiments. Experiment design and phenotypic evaluation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping of Yield-Related Components and Oligogenic Control of the Cap Color of the Button Mushroom, Agaricus bisporus

Foulongne-Oriol

Rodier

Rousseau

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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bAs in other crops, yield is an important trait to be selected for in edible mushrooms, but its inheritance is poorly understood. Therefore, we have investigated the complex genetic architecture of yield-related traits in Agaricus bisporus through the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL), using second-generation hybrid progeny derived from a cross between a wild strain and a commercial cultivar. Yield, average weight per mushroom, number of fruiting bodies per m 2 , earliness, and cap color were evaluated in two independent experiments. A total of 23 QTL were detected for 7 yield-related traits. These QTL together explained between 21% (two-flushes yield) and 59% (earliness) of the phenotypic variation. Fifteen QTL (65%) were consistent between the two experiments. Four regions underlying significant QTL controlling yield, average weight, and number were detected on linkage groups II, III, IV, and X, suggesting a pleiotropic effect or tight linkage. Up to six QTL were identified for earliness. The PPC1 locus, together with two additional genomic regions, explained up to 90% of the phenotypic variation of the cap color. Alleles from the wild parent showed beneficial effects for some yield traits, suggesting that the wild germ plasm is a valuable source of variation for several agronomic traits. Our results constitute a key step toward marker-assisted selection and provide a solid foundation to go further into the biological mechanisms controlling productive traits in the button mushroom.

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“…There was no recombination between PR6 and PR30, both of which are on chromosome 1. In the second experiment the alleles at PR6 again segregated in a 1:1 manner (40:27), but the alleles at PR50 did not (53: 14).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…S608 (Somycel, Langeais, France) is a classic "white hybrid" that is genetically very similar to cultivar U1 (Mushroom Research Unit, Horst, The Netherlands). Homokaryons S608-2 and S608-6 were derived from S608 by protoplasting (14) and are genetically very similar to the U1-7 and U1-2 homokaryons, respectively. The U1-7 and U1-2 homokaryons have been used for genetic linkage analysis (3) and carry the Mat-2 and Mat-1 alleles, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence for Outcrossing via the Buller Phenomenon in a Substrate Simultaneously Inoculated with Spores and Mycelium of Agaricus bisporus

Callac

Spataro

Caillé

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

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In Agaricus bisporus, traditional cultivars and most of the wild populations belong to A. bisporus var. bisporus, which has a predominantly pseudohomothallic life cycle in which most meiospores are heterokaryons (n ؉ n). A lower proportion of homokaryotic (n) meiospores, which typify the heterothallic life cycle, also are produced. In wild populations, pseudohomothallism was thought previously to play a major role, but recent analyses have found that significant outcrossing also may occur. We inoculated a standard substrate for A. bisporus cultivation simultaneously with homokaryotic mycelium from one parent and spores from a second parent. Culture trays produced numerous sporocarps that could theoretically have resulted from five different reproductive modes (pseudohomothallism, selfing or outcrossing via heterothallism, and selfing or outcrossing via the Buller phenomenon [i.e., between a homokaryon and a heterokaryon]). Most or all of the sporocarps resulted from outcrossing between the inoculated homokaryon and the inoculated heterokaryotic spores (or mycelia that grew from them). These data broaden our understanding of population dynamics under field conditions and provide an outcrossing method that could be used in commercial breeding programs.Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach, the button mushroom, has a unifactorial mating system (18) with multiple alleles (11) at the MAT locus located on chromosome 1 (26). Most wild populations and all of the traditional cultivars of A. bisporus belong to A. bisporus var. bisporus. In this variety, the life cycle is amphithallic; i.e., both heterothallic genetic reproduction and (in this case, predominantly) pseudohomothallic (ϭsec-ondary homothallic) genetic reproduction occur (22). Heterothallic basidiospores are homokaryotic (n) and generally give rise to self-sterile homokaryotic mycelia. Plasmogamy between two sexually compatible homokaryons restores a fertile heterokaryon. Pseudohomothallic basidiospores are heterokaryons (n ϩ n) and contain two nonsister postmeiotic nuclei with different mating type alleles. Mycelia growing from these spores are sexually fertile and usually maintain the parental genotype in the offspring (15,21,23). Amphithallism is not rare, and 9% of ϳ500 species of holobasidiomycetes with lamellae are considered amphithallic (16). In wild strains of A. bisporus var. bisporus only 1.3% of the basidia, on average, are tetrasporic (5) and produce homokaryotic basidiospores. In wild populations, successive generations of pseudohomothallism should generate pseudoclonal lineages (12). Little evidence of pseudohomothallic reproduction was found in a recent spatial-temporal analysis of two local French populations (25), suggesting that outcrossing and recombination played significant roles in the history of both populations. Determining the relative roles of heterothallism and pseudohomothallism in wild populations by genetic analysis of collected sporocarps is difficult because of migration between sites and because such samples do not include individu...

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The Heterothallic Life Cycle of Agaricus bisporus var. burnettii and the Inheritance of Its Tetrasporic Trait

Cited by 58 publications

References 0 publications

Phylogeny of the GenusAgaricusInferred from Restriction Analysis of Enzymatically Amplified Ribosomal DNA

Phylogeny of the GenusAgaricusInferred from Restriction Analysis of Enzymatically Amplified Ribosomal DNA

Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping of Yield-Related Components and Oligogenic Control of the Cap Color of the Button Mushroom, Agaricus bisporus

Evidence for Outcrossing via the Buller Phenomenon in a Substrate Simultaneously Inoculated with Spores and Mycelium of Agaricus bisporus

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