The Heterogeneity of Structural and Functional Photosynthetic Characteristics of Mesophyll Chloroplasts in Various Parts of Mature or Senescing Leaf Blade of Two Maize (Zea Mays L.) Genotypes

Kutík, J.; Holá, D.; Vičánková, A.; Šmídová, Michaela; Kočová, M.; Körnerová, M.; Kubínová, Lucie

doi:10.1023/a:1015639609268

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Few plastoglobuli observed in the chloroplast ( Fig 5 ) is an indication of no lipid peroxidation of thylakoid or cell membrane. Presence of starch granules in the chloroplast also reveals that there was no stressful environment induced by the TiO 2 in chloroplast, as complex sugars have not transformed into simple soluble sugars which are supposed to be the major compatible solutes for osmotic adjustment [ 35 ]. Improved yield and yield components data for our study is the ultimate response of nano-TiO 2 on oilseed rape plants which confirms that nano-TiO 2 is not toxic rather improves plant performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-TiO2 Is Not Phytotoxic As Revealed by the Oilseed Rape Growth and Photosynthetic Apparatus Ultra-Structural Response

Naeem

Wang

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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Recently nano-materials are widely used but they have shown contrasting effects on human and plant life. Keeping in view the contrasting results, the present study has evaluated plant growth response, antioxidant system activity and photosynthetic apparatus physiological and ultrastructural changes in Brassica napus L. plants grown under a wide range (0, 500, 2500, 4000 mg/l) of nano-TiO2 in a pot experiment. Nano-TiO2 has significantly improved the morphological and physiological indices of oilseed rape plants under our experimental conditions. All the parameters i-e morphological (root length, plant height, fresh biomass), physiological (photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll content, nitrate reductase activity) and antioxidant system (Superoxide dismutase, SOD; Guaiacol peroxidase, POD; Catalase, CAT) recorded have shown improvement in their performance by following nano-TiO2 dose-dependent manner. No significant chloroplast ultra-structural changes were observed. Transmission electron microscopic images have shown that intact & typical grana and stroma thylakoid membranes were in the chloroplast, which suggest that nano-TiO2 has not induced the stressful environment within chloroplast. Finally, it is suggested that, nano-TiO2 have growth promoting effect on oilseed rape plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-TiO2 Is Not Phytotoxic As Revealed by the Oilseed Rape Growth and Photosynthetic Apparatus Ultra-Structural Response

Naeem

Wang

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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“…Soybean V3 trifoliate leaves were collected for photosynthetic pigment concentration measurement and each treatment in three replicates. Chl a, Chl b, Car were extracted from all the leaf samples, and two leaf discs (1.130 cm 2 ) were cut from the middle part of each middle lobules by a puncher (1.2 diameter), and dipped the samples in 10 mL of N,N-dimethyl formamide solution in the dark for 48 h at 4°C (Kutík et al, 2001). The extraction mixture was then measured at wavelengths of 663, 645, and 470 nm by using a spectrophotometer DU-730 (Beck Man Coulter Inc., USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Light Intensity and Leaf Movement on Photosynthesis Characteristics and Carbon Balance of Soybean

et al. 2019

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In intercropping systems shading conditions significantly impair the seed yield and quality of soybean, and rarely someone investigated the minimum amount of light requirement for soybean growth and development. Therefore, it is an urgent need to determine the threshold light intensity to ensure sustainable soybean production under these systems. An integrated approach combining morphology, physiology, biochemistry and genetic analysis was undertaken to study the light intensity effects on soybean growth and development. A pot experiment was set up in a growth chamber under increasing light intensity treatments of 100 (L100), 200 (L200), 300 (L300), 400 (L400), and 500 (L500) μmol m−2 s−1. Compared with L100, plant height, hypocotyl length, and abaxial leaf petiole angle were decreased, biomass, root:shoot ratio, and stem diameter were increased, extremum was almost observed in L400 and L500. Leaf petiole movement and leaf hyponasty in each treatment has presented a tendency to decrease the leaf angle from L500 to L100. In addition, the cytochrome content (Chl a, Chl b, Car), net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll fluorescence values of Fv/Fm, Fv′/Fm′, ETR, ΦPSII, and qP were increased as the light intensity increased, and higher values were noted under L400. Leaf microstructure and chloroplast ultrastructure positively improved with increasing light intensity, and leaf-thickness, palisade, and spongy tissues-thickness were increased by 105, 90, and 370%, under L500 than L100. Moreover, the cross-sectional area of chloroplast (C) outer membrane and starch grains (S), and sectional area ratio (S:C) was highest under L400 and L500, respectively. Compared to L100, the content of starch granules increased by 35.5, 122.0, 157.6, and 145.5%, respectively in L400. The same trends were observed in the enzyme activity of sucrose-synthase, sucrose phosphate synthase, starch synthase, rubisco, phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase, and phosphoenol pyruvate phosphatase. Furthermore, sucrose synthesis-related genes were also up-regulated by increasing light intensity, and the highest seed yield and yield related parameters were recorded in the L400. Overall, these results suggested that 400 and 500 μmol m−2 s−1 is the optimum light intensity which positively changed the leaf orientation and adjusts leaf angle to perpendicular to coming light, consequently, soybean plants grow well under prevailing conditions.

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“…Chloroplast structure has a significant relationship with photosynthetic function (Chin & Beevers, 1970). The intact ultrastructure of chloroplasts guarantees the normal photosynthetic activity of plant (Kutík et al, 2001; Pechová et al, 2003) because of its protection to chlorophyll, soluble protein, ATP enzyme and PS II center (Kutík et al, 2000; Mitsuya, Takeoka & Miyake, 2000; Yamane et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf anatomy and ultrastructure in senescing ancient tree, Platycladus orientalis L. (Cupressaceae)

Zhou

Jiang

Zhang

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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Platycladus orientalis L. (Cupressaceae) has a lifespan of thousands of years. Ancient trees have very high scientific, economic and cultural values. The senescence of ancient trees is a new research area but is poorly understood. Leaves are the primary and the most sensitive organ of a tree. To understand leaf structural response to tree senescence in ancient trees, experiments investigating the morphology, anatomy and ultrastructure were conducted with one-year leaves of ancient P. orientalis (ancient tree >2,000 years) at three different tree senescent levels (healthy, sub-healthy and senescent) at the world’s largest planted pure forest in the Mausoleum of Yellow Emperor, Shaanxi Province, China. Observations showed that leaf structure significantly changed with the senescence of trees. The chloroplast, mitochondria, vacuole and cell wall of mesophyll cells were the most significant markers of cellular ultrastructure during tree senescence. Leaf ultrastructure clearly reflected the senescence degree of ancient trees, confirming the visual evaluation from above-ground parts of trees. Understanding the relationships between leaf structure and tree senescence can support decision makers in planning the protection of ancient trees more promptly and effectively by adopting the timely rejuvenation techniques before the whole tree irreversibly recesses.

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The Heterogeneity of Structural and Functional Photosynthetic Characteristics of Mesophyll Chloroplasts in Various Parts of Mature or Senescing Leaf Blade of Two Maize (Zea Mays L.) Genotypes

Cited by 19 publications

References 18 publications

Nano-TiO2 Is Not Phytotoxic As Revealed by the Oilseed Rape Growth and Photosynthetic Apparatus Ultra-Structural Response

Nano-TiO2 Is Not Phytotoxic As Revealed by the Oilseed Rape Growth and Photosynthetic Apparatus Ultra-Structural Response

The Influence of Light Intensity and Leaf Movement on Photosynthesis Characteristics and Carbon Balance of Soybean

Leaf anatomy and ultrastructure in senescing ancient tree, Platycladus orientalis L. (Cupressaceae)

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