The herpes simplex virus type 1 US11 gene product is a phosphorylated protein found to be non-specifically associated with both ribosomal subunits

Determination of Interactions between Tegument Proteins of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

“…Whether the self-associations are simply dimers or higher-order oligomers requires further investigation. In the case of US11, higher-order oligomers have been previously demonstrated and may be important for the nonstructural functions of US11 (4). Recent work indicates that the tegument contains thin filaments, and it is possible that they are formed from the polymerization of tegument proteins (16).…”

Functional Proteomic Analysis of Human Nucleolus

“…Western blot analysis of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)2 and nucleolin was carried out as described previously after separation by monodimensional SDS-PAGE (Diaz et al, 1993). Two micrograms of protein from each cellular fraction was separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred onto polyvinylidene difluoride membrane.…”

Distinct domains in herpes simplex virus type 1 US11 protein mediate post-transcriptional transactivation of human T-lymphotropic virus type I envelope glycoprotein gene expression and specific binding to the Rex responsive element.

“…Five expression vectors were obtained which contained the GST coding sequence followed by either the entire US11 coding sequence (pGEX-2) or by parts of the US11 coding sequence . Fusion proteins were purified from Escherichia coli DH5α (Gibco BRL) transformed with the different plasmids and stimulated with IPTG for 3 h as previously described (Diaz et al, 1993). Fusion protein synthesized from pGEX-2 was named GST-US11 and contained the 149 amino acids of US11 (see Fig.…”

“…et al, 1990 ;Puvion-Dutilleul, 1987 ;Roller & Roizman, 1992). Based upon these considerations, and because US11 protein is an RNA-binding protein, we proposed some years ago that US11 protein could be involved in the nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of specific mRNA (Diaz et al, 1993). Moreover, the striking similarities displayed by US11 protein with the retroviral regulatory proteins Rex and Rev of human Tlymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), respectively, led us to postulate that this very basic phospho-protein, which concentrates in the nucleoli of infected cells, could intervene post-transcriptionally in the life cycle of these complex retroviruses.…”

“…From several independent studies, we concluded that, on introduction into the cell by the infecting virus, US11 protein first enters the nucleus together with the viral DNA before passing back into the cytoplasm where it exists as heterogeneous polymers (Diaz et al, 1993 ;Masse! et al, 1990 ;Puvion-Dutilleul, 1987 ;Roller & Roizman, 1992).…”